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Related Concept Videos

Neural Circuits01:25

Neural Circuits

Neural circuits and neuronal pools are two of the main structures found in the nervous system. Neural circuits are networks of neurons that work together to carry out a specific task or process. They consist of interconnected neurons and glial cells, which provide structural and metabolic support.
Neuronal pools are collections of nerve cells with similar functions and interact through chemical and electrical signals. These pools include both interneurons (the central neural circuit nodes that...
The Role of Ion Channels in Neuronal Computation01:19

The Role of Ion Channels in Neuronal Computation

A postsynaptic neuron usually receives numerous impulses from several other presynaptic neurons. The axon hillock of the postsynaptic neuron integrates all these signals and determines the likelihood of firing an action potential.
Sometimes a single EPSP is strong enough to induce an action potential in the postsynaptic neuron. However, multiple presynaptic inputs must often create EPSPs around the same time for the postsynaptic neuron to be sufficiently depolarized to fire an action potential.
Long-term Potentiation01:35

Long-term Potentiation

Long-term potentiation, or LTP, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTP is the process of synaptic strengthening that occurs over time between pre- and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic strengthening of LTP works in opposition to the synaptic weakening of long-term depression (LTD) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
Long-term Potentiation01:25

Long-term Potentiation

Long-term potentiation, or LTP, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTP is the process of synaptic strengthening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic strengthening of LTP works in opposition to the synaptic weakening of long-term depression (LTD) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
Hebbian LTP
LTP can occur when presynaptic neurons...
Neuroplasticity01:01

Neuroplasticity

Neuroplasticity reflects the brain's remarkable capacity to adapt and evolve, responding dynamically to learning, experiences, or injury by reorganizing its neural circuitry. This reorganization involves creating new neural connections and refining old ones through a series of biological processes that contribute to the brain's lifelong development and adaptability.

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Real-time Electrophysiology: Using Closed-loop Protocols to Probe Neuronal Dynamics and Beyond
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Real-time Electrophysiology: Using Closed-loop Protocols to Probe Neuronal Dynamics and Beyond

Published on: June 24, 2015

Layer-specific excitatory circuits differentially control recurrent network dynamics in the neocortex.

Riccardo Beltramo1, Giulia D'Urso, Marco Dal Maschio

  • 1Department of Neuroscience and Brain Technologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy.

Nature Neuroscience
|January 15, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Infragranular neurons, not supragranular ones, are key drivers of spontaneous low-frequency brain oscillations in the mammalian neocortex. This study causally demonstrates distinct layer-specific control over intrinsic network dynamics.

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Published on: September 20, 2024

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cortical circuits
  • Brain oscillations

Background:

  • Mammalian neocortex exhibits intrinsic network oscillations in the absence of stimuli.
  • These dynamics involve rhythmic synchronization of translaminar neuronal assemblies.
  • The specific roles of different cortical layers in forming these spontaneous assemblies are unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the distinct roles of supragranular and infragranular excitatory neurons in regulating intrinsic low-frequency neocortical oscillations.
  • To provide a causal demonstration of layer-specific control over spontaneous brain dynamics.

Main Methods:

  • In vivo optogenetic manipulation of excitatory neurons in specific cortical layers (supragranular and infragranular) in mice.
  • Recording and analysis of intrinsic low-frequency network oscillations.

Main Results:

  • Optogenetic activation of infragranular neurons mimicked spontaneous network activity.
  • Photoinhibition of infragranular neurons significantly reduced ongoing slow dynamics.
  • Modulation of supragranular neurons had minimal impact on spontaneous slow activity.

Conclusions:

  • Excitatory circuits in distinct cortical layers exert differential control over spontaneous low-frequency neocortical dynamics.
  • Infragranular excitatory neurons play a critical causal role in generating intrinsic brain oscillations.