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Related Concept Videos

Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
Cancer Vaccines01:30

Cancer Vaccines

Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
Cancer vaccines come in two categories: preventive (prophylactic) and treatment (active). Preventive vaccines, such as the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, protect against viruses that cause certain...
Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response01:27

Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response

Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
Immunological surveillance is the ability of immune cells to monitor and eliminate infected cells with intracellular pathogens, neoplastically transformed cells, and cells with non-self antigens. Cytotoxic T cells and NK...
Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against specific...
Treatment Resistant Cancers02:56

Treatment Resistant Cancers

Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States. A cancer cell is genetically unstable and hence can mutate faster. They can also modify their microenvironment and escape immune surveillance. The difficulties in treating cancer are further compounded by the emergence of rapid resistance to anticancer drugs. The most common ways to attain resistance in cancer cells include alteration in drug transport and metabolism, modification of drug target, elevated DNA damage response, or...
Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine02:50

Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine

Combining two or more treatment methods increases the life span of cancer patients while reducing damage to vital organs or tissue from the overuse of a single treatment. Combination therapy also targets different cancer-inducing pathways, thus reducing the chances of developing resistance to treatment.
The combination of the drug acetazolamide and sulforaphane is a good example of combination therapy to treat cancer. The cells in the interior of a large tumor often die due to the hypoxic and...

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Experimental Melanoma Immunotherapy Model Using Tumor Vaccination with a Hematopoietic Cytokine
09:15

Experimental Melanoma Immunotherapy Model Using Tumor Vaccination with a Hematopoietic Cytokine

Published on: February 24, 2023

New directions in immunotherapy.

Linda Cox1, Enrico Compalati, Thomas Kundig

  • 1Department of Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Davie, FL, USA. lindaswolfcox@msn.com

Current Allergy and Asthma Reports
|January 15, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Allergen immunotherapy (AIT) offers symptom relief for allergies but faces adherence challenges. Newer methods like intralymphatic (ILIT) and epicutaneous (EPIT) immunotherapy show promise for improved efficacy and shorter treatment durations.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Allergy Research
  • Clinical Therapeutics

Background:

  • Allergen immunotherapy (AIT) effectively manages allergic rhinitis, asthma, and anaphylaxis.
  • Current AIT methods, subcutaneous (SCIT) and sublingual (SLIT), require long-term adherence, often leading to poor patient compliance.
  • Emerging evidence suggests AIT's potential in atopic dermatitis, venom reactions, and food allergies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the efficacy and safety of established AIT routes (SCIT, SLIT).
  • To explore novel AIT approaches, including oral immunotherapy (OIT), intralymphatic immunotherapy (ILIT), and epicutaneous immunotherapy (EPIT).
  • To assess how modified allergens and alternative administration routes may improve AIT adherence and outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on SCIT and SLIT efficacy and safety profiles.
  • Examination of research on OIT for food allergies, focusing on desensitization and tolerance.
  • Analysis of studies investigating ILIT, EPIT, and modified allergen vaccines for inhalant and food allergies.

Main Results:

  • SCIT and SLIT show comparable efficacy, with SLIT offering a better safety profile for home use.
  • OIT can achieve desensitization, but long-term tolerance remains under investigation.
  • ILIT and EPIT demonstrate promising results, with ILIT providing long-lasting benefits comparable to 3-year SCIT after only three injections.
  • Modified vaccines may offer sustained benefits with shorter treatment courses.

Conclusions:

  • Novel AIT strategies like ILIT and EPIT, alongside modified vaccines, hold potential to overcome adherence issues associated with current multi-year treatments.
  • These advancements could increase AIT utilization by offering more convenient and effective treatment options for various allergic conditions.