Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 15, 2026

A Non-invasive Way to Isolate and Phenotype Cells from the Conjunctiva
07:35

A Non-invasive Way to Isolate and Phenotype Cells from the Conjunctiva

Published on: July 5, 2017

[Expression and function of ICOS on CD4 T cells and application to therapy in patients with ocular Behçet's disease

Yoshihiko Usui1

  • 1Department of Ophthalmology, Tokyo Medical University, Nishi-shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan. usuyoshi@gmail.com

Nippon Ganka Gakkai Zasshi
|January 16, 2013
PubMed

Uveitis in Behçet's disease (BD) is an important cause of vision loss through recurrent ocular inflammatory attacks. CD4 T cells that react to various self-antigens play a central role in the pathogenesis of this disease, and the activation or inactivation of the CD4 T cells is controlled by costimulatory molecules. In Behçet's disease patients with active uveitis, among the various costimulatory molecules, the inducible costimulator (ICOS), an active form of stimulatory molecule, is most strongly expressed, and is associated with cytokine production by Th1 and Th17 cells. It is suggested that ICOS could be a potential marker of disease activity and a candidate therapeutic target. Inhibition of the ICOS/B7RP-1 costimulatory pathway has demonstrated favorable therapeutic effects in various autoimmune diseases. Targeting the ICOS/ B7RP-1 costimulatory pathway may be a useful future treatment strategy for uveitis in Behçet's disease.

More Related Videos

Experimental Autoimmune Uveitis: An Intraocular Inflammatory Mouse Model07:40

Experimental Autoimmune Uveitis: An Intraocular Inflammatory Mouse Model

Published on: January 12, 2022

Related Concept Videos

Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response01:27

Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response

Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
Immunological surveillance is the ability of immune cells to monitor and eliminate infected cells with intracellular pathogens, neoplastically transformed cells, and cells with non-self antigens. Cytotoxic T cells and NK...
B Cell Activation and Differentiation01:24

B Cell Activation and Differentiation

The adaptive immune response, a sophisticated defense mechanism, relies on the activation and differentiation of B lymphocytes, or B cells. These processes enable our bodies to mount a tailored response against specific pathogens such as bacteria, free virus particles, toxins, and parasites.
When naive B cells encounter a specific antigen that can bind to the B cell receptor (BCR) on their surface, they undergo sensitization to respond to the antigen's presence. Sensitization begins with...
T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Immunomodulatory Agents01:29

Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Immunomodulatory Agents

Crohn's disease is an inflammatory bowel disorder marked by chronic inflammation of the GI tract. Various treatment strategies for Crohn's disease are employed, such as immunomodulatory agents, glucocorticoids, and biologics or anti-TNF therapy. Azathioprine (Imuran), a commonly used immunomodulatory drug for Crohn's disease, is converted in the body to mercaptopurine, which inhibits purine biosynthesis and cell proliferation. Both are utilized in severe cases of Inflammatory Bowel Disease...
Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment01:27

Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment

In open-angle glaucoma, the iridocorneal angle remains open, but the trabecular meshwork becomes stiff, slowing down the outflow of aqueous humor. This causes a buildup of aqueous humor in the anterior chamber, leading to a sudden increase in intraocular pressure. The treatment for open-angle glaucoma focuses on reducing the elevated intraocular pressure by either decreasing the secretion of aqueous humor or increasing its outflow.
Drugs such as carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, α2- and...