Detection and characterization of phospholipase A(2) (PLA(2)) in Caiman latirostris and Caiman yacare plasma

Reptiles have proven to have a versatile and efficient nonspecific immune system adapted to the environments in which they commonly live. Phospholipase A(2) (PLA(2)) is important hydrolytic enzyme involved in the regulation of specific types of messengers, with significant roles in the innate immune response. A number of agents that exert effects on cellular receptors emit a series of signals leading to the increased activity of PLA(2). Phospholipase A(2) has been identified and characterized in temperature, plasma concentration, and kinetic dependence in two species of caiman. The results of these studies suggest that the high PLA(2) activities observed in caiman plasma may be an important component of a well-developed innate immunity. Based on the knowledge of their properties, this powerful immunologic component should be evaluated as a possible application in the veterinary or even human therapeutic industry. Additionally, this is another reason to consider these animals excellent models for the study of immune phylogenetic mechanisms.