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Related Concept Videos

Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy: Overview01:09

Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy: Overview

When electromagnetic radiation passes through a material, atoms or molecules transition from a lower to a higher energy state by absorbing radiation corresponding to the energy difference between the two states. The absorption of infrared (IR) radiation causes transitions between vibrational energy levels in a molecule. Therefore, IR spectroscopy is a useful analytical tool for determining the molecular structure of molecules.
Different compounds display unique properties due to their...
IR Spectrometers01:25

IR Spectrometers

There are two main infrared (IR) spectrophotometers: dispersive IR spectrometers and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometers. In a dispersive IR spectrometer, a beam of infrared radiation produced by a hot wire is divided into two parallel equal-intensity beams using mirrors. One beam passes through the sample, while another is a reference beam. The beams then move through the monochromator, which separates the radiations into a continuous spectrum of different frequencies. The...
IR Frequency Region: Fingerprint Region01:03

IR Frequency Region: Fingerprint Region

IR spectra are divided into two main regions: the diagnostic region and the fingerprint region. The diagnostic region of the spectrum lies above 1500 cm−1. The absorptions resulting from single-bond vibrations of the N–H, C–H, and O–H stretch at higher wavenumbers and appear on the left side of the spectrum. The stretching absorptions of the C≡C and C≡N occur between 2100–2300 cm−1. In contrast, those arising from stretching absorptions of the C=O, C=N, and C=C occur between 1600–1850 cm−1.
The...
IR Spectrum01:19

IR Spectrum

When infrared (IR) radiation passes through a molecule, the bonds stretch or bend by absorbing the radiation. This absorption creates the molecule's absorption spectrum, which is the plot of its percentage transmittance versus wavenumber.
Transmittance is defined as the ratio of the radiant power passing through a sample to that from the radiation's source. Multiplying the transmittance by 100 gives the percent transmittance (%T), which varies between 100% (no absorption) and 0% (complete...
IR Frequency Region: X–H Stretching01:24

IR Frequency Region: X–H Stretching

In IR spectroscopy, signals produced by the X−H bonds (such as C−H, O−H, or N−H) can be observed in the frequency range of  2700–4000 cm–1. The C−H stretching vibration forms sharp bands in the region 2850–3000 cm–1. The presence of the O−H stretching vibration leads to the forming of an absorption band in the frequency range 3650–3200 cm−1. At the same time, N−H stretching can be confirmed by absorption bands in the 3500–3100 cm−1 range. Even though both O−H and N−H bonds vibrate at a similar...
Applications of IR Spectroscopy: Overview01:11

Applications of IR Spectroscopy: Overview

The non-destructive nature and ability to provide valuable chemical information make IR spectroscopy a versatile technique with broad applications in various scientific and industrial fields. IR spectroscopy is commonly used to identify and characterize organic and inorganic compounds. It provides information about the functional groups present in a molecule and the bonding between atoms. This helps in the structural elucidation of compounds during organic synthesis, pharmaceutical research,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 15, 2026

High-definition Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) Spectroscopic Imaging of Human Tissue Sections towards Improving Pathology
11:05

High-definition Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) Spectroscopic Imaging of Human Tissue Sections towards Improving Pathology

Published on: January 21, 2015

High-definition infrared spectroscopic imaging.

Rohith K Reddy1, Michael J Walsh, Matthew V Schulmerich

  • 1Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.

Applied Spectroscopy
|January 16, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a model for infrared (IR) spectroscopic imaging systems to improve image quality. This work enables high-definition IR imaging with modified commercial instruments, enhancing spatial resolution and spectral signal-to-noise ratio (SNR).

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The Use of High-resolution Infrared Thermography (HRIT) for the Study of Ice Nucleation and Ice Propagation in Plants
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Hyperspectral Imaging as a Tool to Study Optical Anisotropy in Lanthanide-Based Molecular Single Crystals
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Hyperspectral Imaging as a Tool to Study Optical Anisotropy in Lanthanide-Based Molecular Single Crystals

Published on: April 14, 2020

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High-definition Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) Spectroscopic Imaging of Human Tissue Sections towards Improving Pathology
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The Use of High-resolution Infrared Thermography (HRIT) for the Study of Ice Nucleation and Ice Propagation in Plants
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The Use of High-resolution Infrared Thermography (HRIT) for the Study of Ice Nucleation and Ice Propagation in Plants

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Hyperspectral Imaging as a Tool to Study Optical Anisotropy in Lanthanide-Based Molecular Single Crystals
07:24

Hyperspectral Imaging as a Tool to Study Optical Anisotropy in Lanthanide-Based Molecular Single Crystals

Published on: April 14, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Optics and Photonics
  • Spectroscopy
  • Microscopy

Background:

  • Infrared (IR) microscopy image quality is often limited by throughput and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR).
  • Improved instrument design requires a fundamental understanding of achievable image quality based on instrument parameters.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a theoretical model for light propagation in IR spectroscopic imaging systems.
  • To determine optimal instrument parameters for enhanced image quality and spatial resolution.
  • To validate the model experimentally and demonstrate high-definition IR imaging capabilities.

Main Methods:

  • Scalar wave theory and Fourier optics were used to model light propagation through the IR spectroscopic imaging system.
  • Simulations were conducted to analyze spectroscopic image formation and determine optimal pixel size.
  • A commercial IR imaging system was modified, and experimental data were acquired to validate the model.

Main Results:

  • A model was developed to analytically describe light propagation and the effect of optical elements and samples.
  • The optimal pixel size was calculated to be significantly smaller than in current mid-IR microscopy systems.
  • Experimental validation confirmed the model's accuracy, leading to high spatial quality data with improved spectral SNR through signal processing.

Conclusions:

  • The developed model provides a theoretical foundation for designing improved IR spectroscopic imaging instruments.
  • High-definition IR imaging is achievable in a laboratory setting using minimally modified commercial instruments.
  • The study highlights the potential for enhanced spatial resolution and spectral analysis in IR microscopy.