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Related Concept Videos

Cranial Nerves: Types Part II01:22

Cranial Nerves: Types Part II

Cranial nerves are responsible for transmitting motor and sensory information between the brain and various parts of the body. There are twelve pairs of cranial nerves. While the first six innervate the head and neck, the latter six nerves innervate the head and neck, as well as organs and tissues in the thoracic and abdominal cavities. They facilitate communication, expression, and autonomic control within the human body.
Facial Nerve (Cranial Nerve VII)
Cranial nerve VII, or the facial nerve,...
Cranial Nerves: Types Part I01:14

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Cranial nerves are responsible for transmitting motor and sensory information between the brain and various parts of the body. There are twelve pairs of cranial nerves, with the first six being essential in sensory perception, motor control, and autonomic functions related to the head and neck.
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The olfactory nerve, or cranial nerve I, is unique as it is purely sensory and dedicated to the sense of smell. This nerve originates in the olfactory epithelium of the...
Cranial Nerves: Overview and Anatomy01:19

Cranial Nerves: Overview and Anatomy

The cranial nerves are an important part of the complex network of nerves in the human body. These nerves emerge directly from the brain and are responsible for transmitting essential information between the brain and various parts of the head and neck. There are 12 pairs of cranial nerves, systematically numbered using Roman numerals from I to XII, beginning from the anterior and moving to the posterior of the brain. Each cranial nerve is uniquely identified by names that reflect its function...
Local Anesthetics: Differential Sensitivity of Nerve Fibers01:24

Local Anesthetics: Differential Sensitivity of Nerve Fibers

Local anesthetics (LAs) block the sodium channels of nerve trunks, sensory nerve endings, and neuromuscular junctions. Although LAs can block all kinds of nerves, the sensitivity of nerve fibers differs according to nerve types and structures. LAs are known to block myelinated fibers faster than unmyelinated ones. Also, they block pain or sensory neurons at low concentrations without affecting the motor neurons involved in muscle contractions. This helps relieve labor pain without affecting the...
Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure01:03

Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure

The process of olfaction, also known as the sense of smell, is a sophisticated chemical response system. The specialized sensory neurons that facilitate this process, known as olfactory receptor neurons, are situated in an upper segment of the nasal cavity, known as the olfactory epithelium. Olfactory sensory neurons are bipolar, with their dendrites extending from the epithelium's apex into the mucus that lines the nasal cavity. Airborne molecules, when inhaled, traverse the olfactory...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 15, 2026

Facial Nerve Surgery in the Rat Model to Study Axonal Inhibition and Regeneration
05:04

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Published on: May 5, 2020

A step backward: the 'Rough' facial nerve grading system.

Matteo Alicandri-Ciufelli1, Alessia Piccinini, Alberto Grammatica

  • 1Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Department, University Hospital of Modena, Via del Pozzo 71, 41100 Modena, Italy.

Journal of Cranio-Maxillo-Facial Surgery : Official Publication of the European Association for Cranio-Maxillo-Facial Surgery
|January 17, 2013
PubMed
Summary

The new Rough Grading System (RGS) for facial palsy demonstrates higher interrater reliability than the established House-Brackmann grading system (HBGS). This simplified scale offers comparable validity and efficiency for clinical use.

Keywords:
Facial nerve grading systemFacial palsyHouse–Brackmann grading systemInterrater reliabilitySubjective scale

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Last Updated: May 15, 2026

Facial Nerve Surgery in the Rat Model to Study Axonal Inhibition and Regeneration
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Published on: February 23, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Clinical Assessment
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Facial function is clinically assessed using various scales, with the House-Brackmann grading system (HBGS) being the most prevalent despite its limitations.
  • A simplified scale, the Rough Grading System (RGS), has been developed to address these limitations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the interrater reliability of the RGS.
  • To assess the interscale validity between the RGS and the HBGS.
  • To compare the time efficiency of both grading systems.

Main Methods:

  • A prospective cohort study involving 50 patients with facial palsy.
  • Patients were filmed performing standardized facial movements.
  • Two independent groups rated the videos using either the HBGS or the RGS, and the time taken for rating was recorded.

Main Results:

  • The RGS achieved a higher mean interrater agreement (0.59) compared to the HBGS (0.46).
  • High concurrent validity was observed between the RGS and HBGS, ranging from 0.86 to 0.90 (p < 0.001).
  • No statistically significant difference in rating time was found between the RGS and HBGS (p = 0.15).

Conclusions:

  • The RGS demonstrates adequate interrater reliability, surpassing that of the HBGS.
  • The RGS shows a strong correlation with the HBGS and requires similar rating time.
  • The RGS is a potentially valuable tool for routine clinical practice in assessing facial palsy.