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Updated: May 15, 2026

Characterization of the Sense of Agency over the Actions of Neural-machine Interface-operated Prostheses
Published on: January 7, 2019
Neuromodulation, agency and autonomy.
1Department of Philosophy, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada, wglannon@ucalgary.ca.
Neuromodulation alters brain activity to restore function in neurological disorders using electrical stimulation or brain-computer interfaces (BCIs). Success depends on neurophysiological, psychological, and social interactions, restoring patient autonomy.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Biomedical Engineering
- Rehabilitation Medicine
Background:
- Neuromodulation aims to restore function in neuropsychiatric disorders and neurological injuries.
- Techniques involve electrical stimulation or brain activity regulation via brain-computer interfaces (BCIs).
- Deep-brain stimulation and BCIs act as enabling prostheses, integrating into the user's sense of self.
Purpose of the Study:
- To explore the multifaceted nature of neuromodulation in restoring function.
- To highlight the role of BCIs and neurofeedback in restoring agency.
- To examine the interplay of factors influencing neuromodulation success.
Main Methods:
- Review of neuromodulation techniques including electrical stimulation.
- Analysis of brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) and neurofeedback mechanisms.
- Consideration of deep-brain stimulation as an extended embodiment.
Main Results:
- Neuromodulation can restore mental and physical functions through targeted neural alteration.
- BCIs and neurofeedback enable control of external devices and self-regulation of brain activity.
- Restoration of agency and autonomy is influenced by the learner-trainer interaction.
Conclusions:
- Neuromodulation offers a pathway to functional recovery in various neurological conditions.
- The integration of technology like BCIs contributes to a restored sense of self and autonomy.
- Successful neuromodulation outcomes are contingent upon a complex interplay of neurophysiological, psychological, and social elements.
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