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Related Concept Videos

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
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The adaptive immune response, a sophisticated defense mechanism, relies on the activation and differentiation of B lymphocytes, or B cells. These processes enable our bodies to mount a tailored response against specific pathogens such as bacteria, free virus particles, toxins, and parasites.
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Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
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CD28 costimulation: walking the immunological tightrope.

David M Sansom1, Lucy S K Walker

  • 1MRC Centre for Immune Regulation, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK. d.m.sansom@bham.ac.uk

European Journal of Immunology
|January 17, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Regulatory T cells (Tregs) require CD28 signals for peripheral maintenance, while effector T-cell responses are less affected. This highlights CD28

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • T-cell biology

Background:

  • CD28 is known for its role in effector T-cell responses.
  • CD28 also plays a crucial role in regulatory T-cell (Treg) biology.
  • Targeting CD28 therapeutically requires understanding its distinct functions in T-cell subsets.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the specific role of CD28 in Treg cell maintenance and homeostasis.
  • To differentiate the impact of CD28 signaling on regulatory versus effector T cells.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized an inducible gene deletion approach in mice.
  • Focused on steady-state conditions to assess Treg cell maintenance.

Main Results:

  • Treg cells intrinsically require CD28 signals for their peripheral maintenance.
  • Homeostasis of conventional T cells was relatively unaffected by the absence of CD28 signals.
  • Demonstrated that CD28 signaling differentially impacts Treg and conventional T cells.

Conclusions:

  • CD28 is essential for the peripheral maintenance of Treg cells.
  • CD28 signaling has a more pronounced effect on Treg homeostasis than on conventional T cells.
  • Highlights the dual role of CD28 in balancing regulatory and effector T-cell responses.