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Related Concept Videos

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Intravenous Regional Anesthesia01:16

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Intravenous Regional Anesthesia

Intravenous regional anesthesia or the Bier block technique is used to anesthetize a specific limb or extremity. It uses exsanguinated or blood-drained vessels to transport local anesthetics or LAs to the peripheral nerve trunks. Lidocaine without vasoconstrictors like epinephrine is most commonly used for this technique. Other drugs used are prilocaine, ropivacaine, and chloroprocaine. Bupivacaine is not recommended for this technique due to its high cardiac toxicity.
One of the advantages of...
Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Spinal Anesthesia01:11

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Spinal Anesthesia

Spinal anesthetics are given during lower abdomen and limb surgeries to block sensory and motor neurons. They are administered in the mid to low lumbar regions, primarily acting on the cauda equina's nerve roots. The blockade level depends on the local anesthetic (LA) concentration. Usually, low LA concentrations are sufficient to block sensory fibers, while only high LA concentrations block motor fibers. Other factors like injection volume and speed, the patient's posture, and the drug...
Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Surface, Infiltration, and Conduction Block Anesthesia01:30

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Surface, Infiltration, and Conduction Block Anesthesia

Depending on the target organ, local anesthetics (LAs) can be administered via various routes. In surface anesthesia, LAs are applied directly to the surface of the skin or mucous membranes. It is widely used for topical skin numbing before venipuncture or minor surgical procedures. Commonly used surface local anesthetics are lidocaine or benzocaine sprays or creams. Surface anesthesia occurs within 5 minutes and lasts for about 60 minutes. One of the main disadvantages of topical anesthesia is...
Local Anesthetics: Pharmacokinetics01:13

Local Anesthetics: Pharmacokinetics

The potency and duration of action of local anesthetics (LAs) are determined by their pharmacokinetics. Pharmacokinetics describes how LAs are absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and eliminated from the body. When administered to the vascular tissues, LAs are quickly absorbed and enter the systemic circulation, reducing their localized effects. Adding vasoconstrictors such as epinephrine to LAs reduces their absorption into the systemic circulation, making them clinically effective. The...
Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Epidural Anesthesia01:29

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Epidural Anesthesia

Epidural anesthetics are administered in the fat-filled epidural space, the outermost part of the spinal canal. This technique is commonly employed for pain management and anesthesia during lower abdomen and pelvis surgeries or labor and delivery.
Since epidural anesthetics can be infused through an epidural catheter, all types of drugs, including short-acting ones, can be administered. Chloroprocaine and lidocaine are examples of short and long-duration anesthetics, respectively. Bupivacaine...
General Anesthesia: Overview01:24

General Anesthesia: Overview

Anesthesia is a medical procedure that uses drugs for CNS suppression to enable painless surgeries and procedures. The selection of anesthetics is influenced by their pharmacokinetic properties, side effects, and patient characteristics. Various types of anesthesia include general, local, regional, spinal, and inhalational.
General anesthesia induces unconsciousness in the whole body, while the others target specific areas or sensations. It is administered to minimize adverse effects, maintain...

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Updated: May 15, 2026

Controlled Reversible Visceral Arterial Ischemia, Venous Congestion and Combined Malperfusion via Midline Laparotomy in Rats
04:57

Controlled Reversible Visceral Arterial Ischemia, Venous Congestion and Combined Malperfusion via Midline Laparotomy in Rats

Published on: July 5, 2024

Regional anesthesia for vascular surgery.

Catherine J Atkinson1, Karunakaran Ramaswamy, Mark D Stoneham

  • 1Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, Headington, Oxford, UK.

Seminars in Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia
|January 19, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Regional anesthesia offers benefits for vascular surgery patients with comorbidities but carries risks due to medications like anticoagulants. This review explores its application in carotid, aortic aneurysm repair, and infrainguinal surgeries.

Keywords:
analgesianoncardiac surgeryoutcomeperioperative mortalitypostoperative complications

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Vascular Balloon Injury and Intraluminal Administration in Rat Carotid Artery
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Published on: December 23, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Vascular Surgery
  • Anesthesiology
  • Cardiovascular Medicine

Background:

  • Vascular surgery patients are often elderly with multiple comorbidities.
  • Vascular procedures carry risks of blood loss and tissue ischemia.
  • Regional anesthesia may benefit patients with cardiorespiratory issues.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the clinical applications of regional anesthesia in vascular surgery.
  • To discuss the benefits and risks of regional techniques in this patient population.
  • To focus on carotid, abdominal aortic aneurysm repair, and infrainguinal surgery.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of regional anesthesia techniques in vascular surgery.
  • Discussion of clinical applications for specific vascular procedures.
  • Analysis of patient comorbidities and medication interactions.

Main Results:

  • Regional anesthesia presents potential advantages for cardiorespiratory stability in vascular surgery.
  • Anticoagulant use in these patients introduces specific risks for regional techniques.
  • The review covers carotid endarterectomy, AAA repair, and infrainguinal revascularization.

Conclusions:

  • Regional anesthesia is a viable option for select vascular surgery patients.
  • Careful patient selection and risk assessment are crucial for safe application.
  • Further research may optimize regional anesthesia protocols for vascular procedures.