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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 15, 2026

Fabrication of Three-dimensional Paper-based Microfluidic Devices for Immunoassays

Fabrication of Three-dimensional Paper-based Microfluidic Devices for Immunoassays

Published on: March 9, 2017

Three-dimensional, paper-based microfluidic devices containing internal timers for running time-based diagnostic

Scott T Phillips¹, Nicole K Thom

¹The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA. sphillips@psu.edu

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)

|January 19, 2013

Summary

Researchers developed novel 3D paper-based microfluidic devices with integrated timers. These devices enable simultaneous quantitative, time-based assays using simple materials and visual readouts.

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Using Adhesive Patterning to Construct 3D Paper Microfluidic Devices

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Fabrication of Three-dimensional Paper-based Microfluidic Devices for Immunoassays

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Dry Film Photoresist-based Electrochemical Microfluidic Biosensor Platform: Device Fabrication, On-chip Assay Preparation, and System Operation

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Using Adhesive Patterning to Construct 3D Paper Microfluidic Devices

Using Adhesive Patterning to Construct 3D Paper Microfluidic Devices

Published on: April 1, 2016

Area of Science:

Biomedical Engineering
Analytical Chemistry
Materials Science

Background:

Paper-based microfluidic devices offer a low-cost platform for diagnostics.
Quantitative, time-based assays require precise control over fluid dynamics and timing.
Existing methods for integrated timing in paper devices are limited.

Purpose of the Study:

To present a novel method for fabricating 3D paper-based microfluidic devices with integrated timers.
To enable quantitative, time-based assays with simultaneous multi-assay capabilities.
To incorporate simple, visual timing mechanisms into paper devices.

Main Methods:

Fabrication of three-dimensional (3D) paper-based microfluidic devices using patterned paper and double-sided adhesive tape.
Layer-by-layer assembly of patterned components to create microfluidic channels.
Incorporation of paraffin wax for controlled sample distribution rate.
Inclusion of food coloring for visual endpoint detection, serving as the timer's endpoint.

Main Results:

Successfully fabricated 3D paper-based microfluidic devices with integrated internal timers.
Demonstrated the capability to distribute microliter sample volumes into multiple regions for simultaneous assays.
Achieved controlled sample distribution rates using paraffin wax.
Provided an unambiguous visual readout for assay completion via food coloring.

Conclusions:

The described method provides a simple and effective way to create 3D paper-based microfluidic devices with integrated timers.
These devices are suitable for quantitative, time-based assays and enable multiplexed analysis.
The use of readily available materials like paper, tape, wax, and food coloring makes this approach highly accessible and cost-effective.