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Related Concept Videos

Epigenetic Regulation01:46

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
Epigenetic Regulation01:37

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
X-chromosome...
Epigenetic Regulation01:46

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
Gene-Environment Interactions01:20

Gene-Environment Interactions

Gene expression is a dynamic process that is significantly influenced by environmental factors. This interaction underlies the complex nature of biological development and the phenotypic differences observed among individuals, even among those with identical genetic makeups. Factors such as radiation, temperature, behavior, nutrition, and stress play pivotal roles in determining how genes are expressed. The concept of the reaction range is central to understanding this interaction. It posits...
Histone Modification02:32

Histone Modification

The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
Acetylation
The enzyme histone acetyltransferase adds acetyl group to the histones. Another enzyme, histone deacetylase,...
Histone Modification02:32

Histone Modification

The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
Acetylation
The enzyme histone acetyltransferase adds acetyl group to the histones. Another enzyme, histone deacetylase,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 15, 2026

Stable Isotope In-Vivo Labeling for Mass-Spectrometry Identification of Paternal Metabolites Transferred from Sperm to Oocyte During Fertilization
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Published on: June 17, 2025

Epigenetics in sports.

Tobias Ehlert1, Perikles Simon, Dirk A Moser

  • 1Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Department of Sports Medicine, Disease Prevention and Rehabilitation, Mainz, Germany.

Sports Medicine (Auckland, N.Z.)
|January 19, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Epigenetics, including DNA methylation and histone modifications, influences gene expression and physical performance. Understanding these epigenetic factors alongside genetics is crucial for decoding genotype-phenotype interactions and athletic potential.

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Area of Science:

  • Genetics and Epigenetics
  • Molecular Biology
  • Exercise Physiology

Background:

  • The human genome project provided insights but failed to fully explain phenotypical traits related to physical performance.
  • Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) identify gene variants but offer limited functional understanding.
  • Linking genotype to phenotype remains a significant challenge in biological science.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the complex mechanisms modulating gene expression, focusing on epigenetics.
  • To explore how epigenetics combined with classical genetics can enhance understanding of genotype-phenotype interactions.
  • To discuss the impact of epigenetic modifications on physical performance traits.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on epigenetics, including DNA methylation and histone modifications.
  • Analysis of the limitations of genome-wide association studies (GWAS).
  • Discussion of epigenetic inheritance and variability in epigenetic patterns.

Main Results:

  • Epigenetic mechanisms, such as DNA methylation and histone modifications, significantly influence gene expression and phenotype.
  • Epigenetic patterns are individual-specific and susceptible to external factors, potentially predisposing individuals to certain physical capacities.
  • Epigenetic factors can mask or influence the outcomes of traditional quantitative genetic studies.

Conclusions:

  • Epigenetics plays a critical role in determining physical performance and athletic potential.
  • Future research requires sophisticated quantitative genetic models and integrated approaches (genomics, epigenomics, transcriptomics) for validation.
  • Understanding epigenetic influences is essential for decoding the molecular basis of physical performance and disease susceptibility.