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Related Concept Videos

Structure of Amines01:19

Structure of Amines

The hybridized nitrogen atom in amines possesses a lone pair of electrons and is bound to three substituents with a bond angle of around 108°, which is less than the tetrahedral angle of 109.5°. However, the C–N–H bond angle is slightly larger at 112°, with a carbon–nitrogen bond length of 147 pm. This carbon–nitrogen bond length of of amines is longer than the carbon–oxygen bond of alcohols (143 pm) but shorter than alkanes’ carbon–carbon bond (154 pm). These aspects are illustrated in Figure...
Chirality at Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Sulfur02:30

Chirality at Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Sulfur

Chirality is most prevalent in carbon-based tetrahedral compounds, but this important facet of molecular symmetry extends to sp3-hybridized nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur centers, including trivalent molecules with lone pairs. Here, the lone pair behaves as a functional group in addition to the other three substituents to form an analogous tetrahedral center that can be chiral.
A consequence of chirality is the need for enantiomeric resolution. While this is theoretically possible for all...
Preparation of Nitriles01:12

Preparation of Nitriles

One of the common methods to prepare nitriles is the dehydration of amides. This method requires strong dehydrating agents like phosphorous pentoxide or boiling acetic anhydride for converting amides to nitriles. Another reagent namely, thionyl chloride also accomplishes the dehydration of amides, where amide acts as a nucleophile. The first step of the mechanism involves the nucleophilic attack by the amide on the thionyl chloride to form an intermediate. In the next step, the electron pairs...
Structural Isomerism02:34

Structural Isomerism

Isomerism in Complexes
Isomers are different chemical species that have the same chemical formula. Structural isomerism of coordination compounds can be divided into two subcategories, the linkage isomers and coordination-sphere isomers.
Linkage isomers occur when the coordination compound contains a ligand that can bind to the transition metal center through two different atoms. For example, the CN− ligand can bind through the carbon atom or through the nitrogen atom. Similarly, SCN− can be...
Structures of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives01:28

Structures of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives

Structure of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives
Carboxylic acid derivatives contain an acyl group attached to a heteroatom such as chlorine, oxygen, or nitrogen. The carbonyl carbon and oxygen are both sp2-hybridized with an unhybridized p orbital.
The three sp2 orbitals of the carbonyl carbon form three σ bonds, one each with the carbonyl oxygen, the α carbon, and the heteroatom, whereas the other two sp2 orbitals of the carbonyl oxygen are occupied by the lone pairs. Further, the unhybridized p...
2° Amines to N-Nitrosamines: Reaction with NaNO201:20

2° Amines to N-Nitrosamines: Reaction with NaNO2

Secondary amines react with nitrous acid to form N-nitrosamines, as depicted in Figure 1. Nitrous acid, a weak and unstable acid, is formed in situ from an aqueous solution of sodium nitrite and strong acids, such as hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid, in cold conditions. In the presence of an acid, the nitrous acid gets protonated. The subsequent loss of water results in the formation of the electrophile known as nitrosonium ion.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 15, 2026

Synthesis of Information-bearing Peptoids and their Sequence-directed Dynamic Covalent Self-assembly
09:34

Synthesis of Information-bearing Peptoids and their Sequence-directed Dynamic Covalent Self-assembly

Published on: February 6, 2020

Nitrogen containing privileged structures and their solid phase combinatorial synthesis.

Amit Verma1, Mange Ram Yadav, Rajani Giridhar

  • 1Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Technology & Engineering, The M S University of Baroda, Kala Bhavan, Vadodara-390001, Gujarat, India.

Combinatorial Chemistry & High Throughput Screening
|January 22, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Privileged structures, molecular scaffolds with biological activity, enhance drug discovery. This review details solid-phase synthesis strategies for nitrogen-containing privileged structures, aiding lead compound development.

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A Direct, Regioselective and Atom-Economical Synthesis of 3-Aroyl-N-hydroxy-5-nitroindoles by Cycloaddition of 4-Nitronitrosobenzene with Alkynones
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A Direct, Regioselective and Atom-Economical Synthesis of 3-Aroyl-N-hydroxy-5-nitroindoles by Cycloaddition of 4-Nitronitrosobenzene with Alkynones

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Synthesis of a Water-soluble Metal–Organic Complex Array
06:40

Synthesis of a Water-soluble Metal–Organic Complex Array

Published on: October 8, 2016

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 15, 2026

Synthesis of Information-bearing Peptoids and their Sequence-directed Dynamic Covalent Self-assembly
09:34

Synthesis of Information-bearing Peptoids and their Sequence-directed Dynamic Covalent Self-assembly

Published on: February 6, 2020

A Direct, Regioselective and Atom-Economical Synthesis of 3-Aroyl-N-hydroxy-5-nitroindoles by Cycloaddition of 4-Nitronitrosobenzene with Alkynones
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A Direct, Regioselective and Atom-Economical Synthesis of 3-Aroyl-N-hydroxy-5-nitroindoles by Cycloaddition of 4-Nitronitrosobenzene with Alkynones

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Synthesis of a Water-soluble Metal–Organic Complex Array
06:40

Synthesis of a Water-soluble Metal–Organic Complex Array

Published on: October 8, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Medicinal Chemistry
  • Organic Synthesis

Background:

  • Privileged structures are molecular scaffolds with inherent biological activity, offering improved drug-like properties and potential for lead compound discovery.
  • Nitrogen-containing heterocyclic moieties are crucial components in many biologically active molecules.
  • Combinatorial chemistry approaches, particularly those incorporating privileged substructures, increase the probability of identifying novel lead compounds.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the advancements in solid-phase synthetic strategies for nitrogen-containing privileged structures.
  • To highlight the importance of privileged structures in drug discovery and lead development.

Main Methods:

  • Focus on solid-phase synthesis techniques.
  • Review of literature concerning the synthesis of nitrogen-containing privileged structures.
  • Analysis of strategies for incorporating privileged substructures into heterocyclic systems.

Main Results:

  • Progress in developing efficient solid-phase synthetic routes for various nitrogen-containing privileged structures.
  • Demonstration of how solid-phase synthesis facilitates the creation of diverse chemical libraries.
  • Identification of key synthetic methodologies enabling the construction of complex privileged scaffolds.

Conclusions:

  • Solid-phase synthesis is a powerful tool for accessing nitrogen-containing privileged structures.
  • These structures are vital for the development of new therapeutic agents.
  • Continued innovation in synthetic strategies will accelerate the discovery of novel drug leads.