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Use of Interferon-γ Enzyme-linked Immunospot Assay to Characterize Novel T-cell Epitopes of Human Papillomavirus
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Early lessons learned from extramural school programs that offer HPV vaccine.

Kim A Hayes1, Pamela Entzel, Wendy Berger

  • 1Primary Prevention Research and Evaluation Program, RTI International, 3040 Cornwallis Road, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA. khayes@rti.org

The Journal of School Health
|January 22, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Extramural school-located vaccination programs offering the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine showed modest initiation but high completion rates. Sustainability depends on grant funding until billing challenges are resolved.

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Vaccinology
  • Adolescent Health

Background:

  • Limited evaluation exists for US school-located human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination programs in schools without health centers (extramural programs).
  • This article addresses practical lessons learned from these extramural programs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize lessons learned from extramural school-located vaccination programs offering the HPV vaccine in US schools.
  • To understand the planning and implementation aspects of these programs.

Main Methods:

  • Five extramural school-located vaccination programs offering HPV vaccine were identified in July-August 2010.
  • Semistructured, in-depth telephone interviews were conducted with program representatives.

Main Results:

  • Most programs integrated HPV vaccine with other adolescent vaccines.
  • Partnerships with school systems were crucial for planning and implementation.
  • Programs offered HPV vaccine at no cost; billing private insurance and Medicaid posed challenges.
  • Modest initiation rates (median 10%) but high completion rates (median 78%) were observed for the 3-dose HPV vaccine series.
  • Lowest uptake occurred when only HPV vaccine was offered.

Conclusions:

  • Extramural programs can improve vaccine uptake and reduce school absenteeism.
  • Program sustainability currently relies on grant funding due to billing difficulties.
  • Enhanced integration with local healthcare and school programs presents an opportunity for growth.