Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Phosphoinositides and PIPs01:42

Phosphoinositides and PIPs

Phosphoinositides are a group of phospholipids containing a glycerol backbone with two fatty acid chains and a phosphate attached to a myoinositol sugar ring. The inositol head group extends into the cytoplasm, where it is modified by adding phosphate groups to form phosphatidylinositol phosphates or PIPs.
Different phosphoinositides are synthesized and recruited on the cytosolic face of the plasma membrane. The localization of specific phosphoinositides concentrated in separate membrane...
IP3/DAG Signaling Pathway01:11

IP3/DAG Signaling Pathway

Membrane lipids such as phosphatidylinositol (PI) are precursors for several membrane-bound and soluble second messengers. Specific kinases phosphorylate PI and produce phosphorylated inositol phospholipids. One such inositol phospholipids are the  phosphatidylinositol-4,5 bisphosphate [PI(4,5)P2], present in the inner half of the lipid bilayer. Upon ligand binding, GPCR stimulates Gq proteins to turn on phospholipase Cꞵ. Activated phospholipase Cꞵ cleaves PI(4,5)P2 and produces two-second...
Amplifying Signals via Enzymatic Cascade01:22

Amplifying Signals via Enzymatic Cascade

When a ligand binds to a cell-surface receptor, the receptor's intracellular domain changes shape, which may either activate its enzyme function or allow its binding to other molecules. The initial signal is amplified by most signal transduction pathways. This means that a single ligand molecule can activate multiple molecules of a downstream target. Proteins that relay a signal are most commonly phosphorylated at one or more sites, activating or inactivating the protein. Kinases catalyze the...
Phosphorylation01:02

Phosphorylation

The addition or removal of phosphate groups from proteins is the most common chemical modification that regulates cellular processes. These modifications can affect the structure, activity, stability, and localization of proteins within cells as well as their interactions with other proteins.
During phosphorylation, protein kinases transfer the terminal phosphate group of ATP to specific amino acid side chains of substrate proteins. Serine, threonine, and tyrosine are the most commonly...
Phosphorylation01:02

Phosphorylation

The addition or removal of phosphate groups from proteins is the most common chemical modification that regulates cellular processes. These modifications can affect the structure, activity, stability, and localization of proteins within cells as well as their interactions with other proteins.
During phosphorylation, protein kinases transfer the terminal phosphate group of ATP to specific amino acid side chains of substrate proteins. Serine, threonine, and tyrosine are the most commonly...
Constitutive and Regulated Gene Expression01:27

Constitutive and Regulated Gene Expression

Gene expression in prokaryotes is governed by constitutive and regulated systems, allowing cells to balance the production of essential proteins with adaptive responses to environmental changes.Constitutive Gene ExpressionConstitutive, or housekeeping, genes are continuously expressed as they encode proteins vital for fundamental cellular processes. These include enzymes for glycolysis, ribosomal components for protein synthesis, and proteins involved in DNA replication. Their constant...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Endurance exercise elicits temporal and sexual dimorphic multi-omics remodeling of liver metabolism revealed by MoTrPAC.

Cell reports·2026
Same author

Immunological imprinting shapes the cross-reactive antibody responses to the KP.2 and LP.8.1 vaccine doses.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis depletes host fatty acids in humans and non-human primates.

EBioMedicine·2026
Same author

Postpartum lipid dysregulation in African American women who experienced cardiometabolic complications of pregnancy.

iScience·2025
Same author

Integrative brain omics approach highlights sn-1 lysophosphatidylethanolamine in Alzheimer's dementia.

Nature communications·2025
Same author

Sexually distinct multi-omic responses to progressive endurance exercise training in the rat lung.

American journal of respiratory cell and molecular biology·2025
Same journal

Regulation of CFTR stability at the plasma membrane-Mechanisms and therapeutic opportunities in cystic fibrosis.

FEBS letters·2026
Same journal

Identification of a Shiga toxin A-derived peptide internalized into Gb3 receptor-bearing cells via interaction with the Shiga toxin B subunit.

FEBS letters·2026
Same journal

The dual role of lectins in cancer-immunotherapy tools and therapeutic targets.

FEBS letters·2026
Same journal

Decoding the dynamic extracellular matrix in cancer-3D models and bioscaffolds rewire the rules of tumor progression.

FEBS letters·2026
Same journal

Extending the classical sequence-structure-function paradigm through protein dynamics and context-dependent behavior.

FEBS letters·2026
Same journal

α-Synuclein aggregation landscape from phase separation to neurotoxic intermediates.

FEBS letters·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 15, 2026

Defining Substrate Specificities for Lipase and Phospholipase Candidates
08:59

Defining Substrate Specificities for Lipase and Phospholipase Candidates

Published on: November 23, 2016

Phospholipid--driven gene regulation.

Paul M Musille1, Jeffrey A Kohn, Eric A Ortlund

  • 1Department of Biochemistry, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.

FEBS Letters
|January 22, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Phospholipids (PLs) are novel hormones that regulate gene expression by influencing transcription factors. This review explores how PLs modulate genes controlling metabolism, lipid transport, and inflammation.

More Related Videos

Radiolabeling and Quantification of Cellular Levels of Phosphoinositides by High Performance Liquid Chromatography-coupled Flow Scintillation
10:52

Radiolabeling and Quantification of Cellular Levels of Phosphoinositides by High Performance Liquid Chromatography-coupled Flow Scintillation

Published on: January 6, 2016

PIP-on-a-chip: A Label-free Study of Protein-phosphoinositide Interactions
10:58

PIP-on-a-chip: A Label-free Study of Protein-phosphoinositide Interactions

Published on: July 27, 2017

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 15, 2026

Defining Substrate Specificities for Lipase and Phospholipase Candidates
08:59

Defining Substrate Specificities for Lipase and Phospholipase Candidates

Published on: November 23, 2016

Radiolabeling and Quantification of Cellular Levels of Phosphoinositides by High Performance Liquid Chromatography-coupled Flow Scintillation
10:52

Radiolabeling and Quantification of Cellular Levels of Phosphoinositides by High Performance Liquid Chromatography-coupled Flow Scintillation

Published on: January 6, 2016

PIP-on-a-chip: A Label-free Study of Protein-phosphoinositide Interactions
10:58

PIP-on-a-chip: A Label-free Study of Protein-phosphoinositide Interactions

Published on: July 27, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology
  • Cellular Signaling

Background:

  • Phospholipids (PLs) are crucial for cell structure.
  • PL derivatives act as second messengers in signaling.
  • Emerging evidence shows intact PLs modulate nuclear transcription factors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent findings on PL-driven gene regulation.
  • To highlight unique structural features of PL-sensing transcription factors.
  • To differentiate these factors from soluble PL transporters.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent research on phospholipid signaling.
  • Analysis of structural characteristics of transcription factors that bind phospholipids.
  • Comparative analysis with known phospholipid transporters.

Main Results:

  • Intact PLs function as signaling molecules, not just structural components.
  • PLs modulate nuclear hormone transcription factors involved in metabolism, lipid flux, steroid synthesis, and inflammation.
  • PL-sensing transcription factors possess unique structural features.

Conclusions:

  • Phospholipids are reclassified as novel hormones due to their direct role in gene regulation.
  • Understanding the structure of PL-sensing transcription factors is key to their function.
  • This highlights a new paradigm in cellular signaling and metabolic control.