Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Information Processing Approach01:30

Information Processing Approach

The information-processing theory of cognitive development centers on fundamental mental processes, including attention, memory, and problem-solving skills. Researchers in this field examine how cognitive abilities, such as working memory, evolve and influence children's overall development. Studies indicate that children with stronger working memory tend to excel in reading comprehension, math, and problem-solving compared to peers with less efficient memory skills. Low working memory is also...
Physiological Pharmacokinetic Models: Blood Flow-Limited Versus Diffusion-Limited Models00:57

Physiological Pharmacokinetic Models: Blood Flow-Limited Versus Diffusion-Limited Models

Physiological pharmacokinetic models, often called flow-limited or perfusion models, typically assume a swift drug distribution between tissue and venous blood, creating a rapid drug equilibrium. This premise is based on the idea that drug diffusion is extremely fast, and the cell membrane presents no barrier to drug permeation. In this scenario, where no drug binding occurs, the drug concentration in the tissue equals that of the venous blood leaving the tissue. This greatly simplifies the...
Assessment of Diffusion and Perfusion01:17

Assessment of Diffusion and Perfusion

Understanding and evaluating diffusion and perfusion is critical in assessing a patient's respiratory and circulatory health. These processes play key roles in maintaining the body's internal environment, ensuring that tissues receive adequate oxygen while waste products are efficiently removed.
The Role of Diffusion in Respiration
Diffusion is the process by which molecules move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. In the respiratory system, this principle...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Developmental Differences in White Matter Microarchitecture in Youth with ADHD: Longitudinal Findings from the ABCD Study.

Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging·2026
Same author

The relationship between maternal adiposity during pregnancy and toddler ADHD symptoms is statistically mediated by gestational inflammation.

Brain, behavior, and immunity·2026
Same author

ADHD medications and preadolescent brain structure: patterns of cortical attenuation from the ABCD study.

Scientific reports·2026
Same author

Interrogating cognitive and neural group variation in childhood: Examples in adolescent brain cognitive development and Oregon attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder-1000 cohorts.

Journal of psychopathology and clinical science·2026
Same author

Beyond Neural Noise: Critical Dynamics Predict Slower Reaction Times in Adults With and Without ADHD.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Developmental Differences in White Matter Microarchitecture in Youth with ADHD: Longitudinal Findings from the ABCD Study.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 15, 2026

Three Laboratory Procedures for Assessing Different Manifestations of Impulsivity in Rats
09:12

Three Laboratory Procedures for Assessing Different Manifestations of Impulsivity in Rats

Published on: March 17, 2019

Integrating impairments in reaction time and executive function using a diffusion model framework.

Sarah L Karalunas1, Cynthia L Huang-Pollock

  • 1ADHD Research Study, Oregon Health Sciences University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd, Portland, OR 97239-9979, USA. karaluna@ohsu.edu

Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology
|January 22, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Children with ADHD show slower information accumulation (drift rate) and faster non-decision times, impacting inhibitory control and working memory. This drift rate is key to understanding ADHD-related cognitive deficits.

More Related Videos

Advanced Diffusion Imaging in The Hippocampus of Rats with Mild Traumatic Brain Injury
10:33

Advanced Diffusion Imaging in The Hippocampus of Rats with Mild Traumatic Brain Injury

Published on: August 14, 2019

Probing the Brain in Autism Using fMRI and Diffusion Tensor Imaging
12:21

Probing the Brain in Autism Using fMRI and Diffusion Tensor Imaging

Published on: September 12, 2011

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 15, 2026

Three Laboratory Procedures for Assessing Different Manifestations of Impulsivity in Rats
09:12

Three Laboratory Procedures for Assessing Different Manifestations of Impulsivity in Rats

Published on: March 17, 2019

Advanced Diffusion Imaging in The Hippocampus of Rats with Mild Traumatic Brain Injury
10:33

Advanced Diffusion Imaging in The Hippocampus of Rats with Mild Traumatic Brain Injury

Published on: August 14, 2019

Probing the Brain in Autism Using fMRI and Diffusion Tensor Imaging
12:21

Probing the Brain in Autism Using fMRI and Diffusion Tensor Imaging

Published on: September 12, 2011

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Neurodevelopmental Disorders

Background:

  • Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is associated with impaired executive functions, including inhibitory control and working memory.
  • Reaction time (RT) distribution components are thought to underlie these cognitive deficits in ADHD.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the specific roles of individual differences in reaction time distribution components in predicting inhibitory control and working memory capacity in children with and without ADHD.
  • To examine whether diffusion model parameters mediate the relationship between ADHD status and executive function performance.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized Ratcliff's diffusion model and ex-Gaussian decomposition to analyze reaction time distributions.
  • Assessed inhibitory control using a stop-signal reaction time (SSRT) task and working memory capacity through four distinct tasks.
  • Compared diffusion model parameters (drift rate 'v', non-decision time 'Ter', boundary separation 'a') and ex-Gaussian parameters (τ, μ, σ) between children with and without ADHD.

Main Results:

  • Children with ADHD exhibited significantly lower drift rates (v) and faster non-decision times (Ter) compared to controls.
  • ADHD group showed poorer working memory capacity and less efficient inhibitory control.
  • Drift rate (v) significantly mediated the relationship between ADHD status and performance on both inhibitory control and working memory tasks.

Conclusions:

  • Slower information accumulation (drift rate) is a critical cognitive mechanism underlying executive function impairments in childhood ADHD.
  • The diffusion model's drift rate provides a valuable explanatory framework for understanding the link between ADHD and deficits in inhibitory control and working memory.