The use of the bi-factor model to test the uni-dimensionality of a battery of reasoning tests
Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 15, 2026

Advancing Dyslexia Assessment in Children Through Computerized Testing
Published on: August 16, 2024
Ricardo Primi1, Marjorie Cristina Rocha da Silva, Priscila Rodrigues
1University of San Francisco, Brazil. rprimi@mac.com
Background:
The Battery of Reasoning Tests 5 (BPR-5) aims to assess the reasoning ability of individuals, using sub-tests with different formats and contents that require basic processes of inductive and deductive reasoning for their resolution. The BPR has three sequential forms: BPR-5i (for children from first to fifth grade), BPR-5 - Form A (for children from sixth to eighth grade) and BPR-5 - form B (for high school and undergraduate students).
Method:
The present study analysed 412 questionnaires concerning BPR-5i, 603 questionnaires concerning BPR-5 - Form A and 1748 questionnaires concerning BPR-5 - Form B. The main goal was to test the uni-dimensionality of the battery and its tests in relation to items using the bi-factor model.
Results:
Results suggest that the g factor loadings (extracted by the uni-dimensional model) do not change when the data is adjusted for a more flexible multi-factor model (bi-factor model).
Conclusions:
A general reasoning factor underlying different contents items is supported.
Related Concept Videos
Factorial Design
Behrens–Fisher Test
This test is...
Friedman Two-way Analysis of Variance by Ranks
Theory of Attribution II: Kelley's Covariation Theory
Self-Report Tests of Personality
One-Way ANOVA

