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Cardiac biomarkers are enzymes, proteins, and hormones released into the blood when cardiac cells are injured. They are powerful tools for triaging.
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Dried Blood Spot Collection of Health Biomarkers to Maximize Participation in Population Studies
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Biomarkers.

Beatriz Ramos Lucente1, Isadora Cristina Ribeiro2, Luis E Santos3

  • 1UNICAMP, Jundiaí, São Paulo, Brazil.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 26, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The APOE ε4 allele, a key Alzheimer's risk factor, influences cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) amyloid levels but not plasma biomarkers in individuals with mild cognitive impairment or subjective cognitive decline.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Genetics
  • Biomarker Research

Background:

  • Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disorder.
  • The APOE ε4 allele is the primary genetic risk factor for sporadic AD.
  • The influence of APOE ε4 on amyloid-beta (Aβ) and tau levels in early cognitive decline stages remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between APOE genotypes and levels of plasma and CSF biomarkers (Aβ40, Aβ42, p-tau181, t-tau).
  • To determine if APOE genotype impacts biomarker concentrations in individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and subjective cognitive decline (SCD).

Main Methods:

  • Analyzed plasma and CSF samples from 64 older adults (MCI, SCD, AD, controls).
  • Quantified Aβ42, Aβ40, p-tau181, and t-tau using electrochemiluminescence and SIMOA immunoassays.
  • Determined APOE genotype via SNP analysis and assessed biomarker differences using ANOVA with Bonferroni correction.

Main Results:

  • Individuals with the APOE ε3ε4 genotype exhibited lower CSF Aβ42 concentrations compared to the ε2ε3 genotype (p=0.02).
  • No significant differences in plasma Aβ40, Aβ42, p-tau181, or t-tau levels were observed across APOE genotypes.

Conclusions:

  • APOE genotype does not influence peripheral AD biomarker levels in this cohort.
  • The APOE ε4 allele is associated with altered central nervous system amyloid levels, specifically reduced CSF Aβ42.
  • Findings confirm the role of APOE ε4 in modulating central amyloid pathology even in early cognitive decline stages.