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Related Concept Videos

Cranial Nerves: Overview and Anatomy01:19

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The cranial nerves are an important part of the complex network of nerves in the human body. These nerves emerge directly from the brain and are responsible for transmitting essential information between the brain and various parts of the head and neck. There are 12 pairs of cranial nerves, systematically numbered using Roman numerals from I to XII, beginning from the anterior and moving to the posterior of the brain. Each cranial nerve is uniquely identified by names that reflect its function...
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Nerve plexuses are networks of interlacing nerves that serve as communication hubs to distribute and organize nerve action across various body regions. The nerve plexuses are organized into the cervical plexus located in the neck region, brachial plexus in the shoulder area, lumbar plexus found in the lower back, sacral plexus situated in the pelvis, and coccygeal plexus located in the coccygeal region.
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Cranial Nerves: Types Part II01:22

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Cranial nerves are responsible for transmitting motor and sensory information between the brain and various parts of the body. There are twelve pairs of cranial nerves. While the first six innervate the head and neck, the latter six nerves innervate the head and neck, as well as organs and tissues in the thoracic and abdominal cavities. They facilitate communication, expression, and autonomic control within the human body.
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Cranial Nerves: Types Part I01:14

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Cranial nerves are responsible for transmitting motor and sensory information between the brain and various parts of the body. There are twelve pairs of cranial nerves, with the first six being essential in sensory perception, motor control, and autonomic functions related to the head and neck.
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Local Anesthetics: Differential Sensitivity of Nerve Fibers01:24

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Local anesthetics (LAs) block the sodium channels of nerve trunks, sensory nerve endings, and neuromuscular junctions. Although LAs can block all kinds of nerves, the sensitivity of nerve fibers differs according to nerve types and structures. LAs are known to block myelinated fibers faster than unmyelinated ones. Also, they block pain or sensory neurons at low concentrations without affecting the motor neurons involved in muscle contractions. This helps relieve labor pain without affecting the...
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The anterior neck muscles are the group of muscles covering the front part of the neck. These muscles are classified into three subgroups. The first one is the superficial muscles, the most visible muscles in the front of the neck. It includes the platysma and sternocleidomastoid. The second group is the suprahyoid muscles, located above the hyoid bone. This group comprises the digastric, mylohyoid, geniohyoid, and stylohyoid. Lastly, the infrahyoid muscles are found below the hyoid bone and...
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Accessory nerve conduction in neck dissection subjects.

K Shankar1, K M Means

  • 1Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock.

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|May 1, 1990
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Neck dissection for cancer can cause trapezius muscle dysfunction. Electromyography revealed abnormal responses in the upper trapezius muscle, indicating potential shoulder problems in patients post-surgery.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Oncology
  • Physical Therapy

Background:

  • Neck dissection is a common surgical procedure for oropharyngeal and laryngeal cancers.
  • Shoulder dysfunction is a frequent complication following neck dissection, impacting patient quality of life.
  • The accessory nerve and trapezius muscle are crucial for shoulder function and can be affected by this surgery.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the functional integrity of the accessory nerve and trapezius muscle after neck dissection.
  • To compare electromyographic findings in patients who underwent neck dissection with those in healthy controls.
  • To identify potential electrophysiological indicators of shoulder dysfunction in cancer patients.

Main Methods:

  • Electromyography (EMG) was used to assess the accessory nerve and trapezius muscle function.
  • Evoked responses and spontaneous discharges were analyzed in the upper, middle, and lower trapezius muscles.
  • Data from eight neck dissection patients were compared to age-matched healthy subjects.

Main Results:

  • Patients undergoing neck dissection exhibited abnormal evoked responses in the upper trapezius muscle.
  • Electromyographic studies showed abnormal spontaneous discharges in the upper trapezius of these patients.
  • Latencies and amplitudes were analyzed to quantify functional deficits.

Conclusions:

  • Neck dissection for oropharyngeal/laryngeal cancer can lead to significant abnormalities in trapezius muscle function.
  • Electromyographic findings suggest nerve or muscle damage affecting shoulder mobility.
  • Further research is needed to establish prognostic indicators for shoulder dysfunction in this patient population.