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Hemodialysis I: Introduction

Hemodialysis I: Introduction

Hemodialysis (HD) is a medical treatment that artificially removes waste products, excess fluids, and toxins from the blood when the kidneys are no longer able to perform these functions effectively. In this process, blood is filtered through a semipermeable membrane, allowing for the selective removal of waste while preserving necessary components like blood cells and proteins. Hemodialysis is typically performed in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) or severe kidney...

Hemodialysis II: Procedure and Complications

Hemodialysis II: Procedure and Complications

DialyzersA hemodialysis (HD) dialyzer is a plastic cartridge containing thousands of parallel hollow fibers, which serve as semipermeable membranes. These fibers are typically made from cellulose-based or other synthetic materials. During HD, blood is pumped into the top of the cartridge and distributed among these fibers. Simultaneously, dialysis fluid, known as dialysate, is introduced into the bottom of the cartridge, bathing the outside of the fibers. Across the semipermeable membrane,...

Hemodialysis III: Nursing Management

Hemodialysis III: Nursing Management

The nursing management of a patient undergoing hemodialysis includes several critical steps, starting with a thorough assessment before the procedure.Before the Hemodialysis ProcedureFirst, record the patient's vital signs—blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate, and temperature—to establish a baseline. This baseline is essential for detecting conditions such as hypotension that could impact the patient's response to dialysis. Document the patient's pre-dialysis weight, as this measurement...

Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy

Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy

Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy, also known as CRRT, is a procedural treatment for acute kidney injury (AKI) that gradually removes uremic toxins and fluids while maintaining acid-base balance and stabilizing electrolytes. It is particularly useful for hemodynamically unstable patients. Unlike intermittent hemodialysis, which is faster, CRRT provides a gentler approach over 24 hours, closely mimicking the function of natural kidneys. However, CRRT is not ideal for patients with...

Extracorporeal Removal of Drugs: Peritoneal Dialysis and Hemodialysis

Extracorporeal Removal of Drugs: Peritoneal Dialysis and Hemodialysis

Patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) or those experiencing drug overdose often require extracorporeal methods to eliminate accumulated drugs and metabolites. Hemoperfusion, hemofiltration, and dialysis are the primary techniques to rapidly remove harmful substances without disrupting the patient's fluid and electrolyte balance. For those with compromised renal function, dosage adjustments of concurrent medications may be necessary during extracorporeal drug removal.Dialysis is a process...

Extracorporeal Removal of Drugs: Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy

Extracorporeal Removal of Drugs: Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy

Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy (CRRT) is an essential intervention for patients experiencing severe kidney dysfunction. This therapy offers a continuous mechanism for removing fluids and toxins from the bloodstream, leveraging the patient’s blood pressure to facilitate filtration through a specialized filter. This method contrasts with intermittent dialysis, providing a gentler and more consistent removal of waste products and excess fluid, which is particularly beneficial in critically...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 14, 2026

A Murine Model of Hemodialysis Access-Related Hand Dysfunction

A Murine Model of Hemodialysis Access-Related Hand Dysfunction

Published on: May 31, 2022

New hemodialysis access system.

Frank Prosl¹, Hans Dietrich Polaschegg

¹GL Consult, LLC, Duxbury, MA, USA. fprosl@gmail.com

Blood Purification

|January 25, 2013

Summary

A novel hemodialysis blood access system offers a bloodless, painless, and secure connection. This innovative system enhances patient comfort and preserves self-image during dialysis treatments.

Area of Science:

Biomedical Engineering
Nephrology
Vascular Access

Background:

Current hemodialysis (HD) access methods present significant challenges for patients.
Existing techniques often involve complications and patient discomfort, limiting treatment adherence and quality of life.

Purpose of the Study:

To introduce a novel, fully implanted blood access system for hemodialysis.
To address the limitations of current vascular access techniques and improve patient experience.

Main Methods:

Development of a totally implanted port with enhanced safety features.
Engineering a transcutaneous tissue tract (TTT) for precise port guidance.
Utilizing viscoelastic gel for internal passage prophylaxis.
Integration of a reusable external bloodline circuit.

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A specialized toolkit for simultaneous port placement and TTT formation.

Main Results:

The system provides bloodless, painless, and fail-safe connections with redundant sealing.
The engineered TTT ensures durable, permanently aligned tissue integration.
The access is usable within days of port placement, offering robustness and convenience.
The unobtrusive design preserves patient self-image.

Conclusions:

This new hemodialysis blood access system represents a significant advancement over existing options.
It offers improved safety, durability, and patient convenience, potentially enhancing treatment outcomes and quality of life.