[Surgical treatment of upper lid entropion -- selected aspects]

The upper lid entropion is a rare eyelid malposition in which the external lid margin turns inward against the ocular surface. It may be classified as congenital (tarsal malformation, hypoplasia of tarsus, eyelid hyperlaxity) but is more commonly an acquired condition (traumatic, immunopathological, inflammation, involutional forms). Surgery is the treatment of choice for correction of upper lid entropion. Appropriate surgical techniques are available for the respective conditions. This article gives an overview of the most commonly used treatment strategies including non-surgical and surgical procedures. Transcutaneous and intermarginal access routes have proven to be safe methods for minimal or moderate upper lid entropion. Combined surgical procedures (e.g., rotation of tarsoconjunctiva, posterior lamellar graft, everting sutures and autologous cultivated oral mucosal epithelial transplantation and so on) should be applied as treatment strategies for severe upper lid entropion with cicatricial changes in the tarsoconjunctival layer, shortage of posterior lamella and severe ocular surface disease.