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Related Concept Videos

Microbes and the Sulfur Cycle01:29

Microbes and the Sulfur Cycle

Sulfur is a vital element in Earth's biogeochemical systems. It transitions through various inorganic states, including sulfate (SO₄²⁻), elemental sulfur (S⁰), and sulfide (S²⁻). Abiotic and biological mechanisms across oxic and anoxic environments intricately mediate these transformations. Sulfate, the most oxidized form of sulfur, is predominantly stored in rocks, marine sediments, and oceanic waters, acting as a long-term reservoir in the global sulfur cycle.In oxic environments,...
Preparation and Reactions of Sulfides02:26

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Sulfides are the sulfur analog of ethers, just as thiols are the sulfur analog of alcohol. Like ethers, sulfides also consist of two hydrocarbon groups bonded to the central sulfur atom. Depending upon the type of groups present, sulfides can be symmetrical or asymmetrical. Symmetrical sulfides can be prepared via an SN2 reaction between 2 equivalents of an alkyl halide and one equivalent of sodium sulfide.
Sulfur Assimilation01:20

Sulfur Assimilation

Sulfur is an essential element in biological systems, contributing to synthesizing key biomolecules, including amino acids such as cysteine and methionine, and cofactors such as coenzyme A and biotin. Microorganisms primarily assimilate sulfur as sulfate (SO₄²⁻) from the environment, which must undergo a series of biochemical transformations before it can be incorporated into cellular components. As sulfate is highly oxidized, it must undergo assimilatory sulfate reduction to become...
The Sulfur Cycle01:22

The Sulfur Cycle

Sulfur, an important element in the chemical makeup of proteins, is recycled through the atmosphere and aquatic and terrestrial environments. Found in the atmosphere as sulfur dioxide (SO2), sulfur is released by decaying organisms, weathered rocks, geothermal vents, volcanos, and burning fossil fuels. It is deposited into the ecosystem, cycled through the biotic community, and either released back into the atmosphere as gas or deposited in marine sediment for long-term storage and eventual...
Chemical Signaling in the Endocrine System01:08

Chemical Signaling in the Endocrine System

A signaling cascade is a series of events that facilitates the transmission of information within or between cells, culminating in a targeted response in the recipient cell. As chemical messengers, hormones are pivotal in initiating and modulating these intricate signaling cascades based on their solubility.
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Preparation and Reactions of Thiols02:33

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Thiols are prepared using the hydrosulfide anion as a nucleophile in a nucleophilic substitution reaction with alkyl halides. For instance, bromobutane reacts with sodium hydrosulfide to give butanethiol.

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A Sensitive Visual Method for the Detection of Hydrogen Sulfide Producing Bacteria
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A Sensitive Visual Method for the Detection of Hydrogen Sulfide Producing Bacteria

Published on: June 27, 2022

Hydrogen sulfide: environmental factor or signalling molecule?

Miroslav Lisjak1, Tihana Teklic, Ian D Wilson

  • 1Department of Agroecology, University of J. J. Strossmayer, Osijek 31000, Croatia.

Plant, Cell & Environment
|January 26, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) is now recognized as a plant signaling molecule, not just a toxin. Low levels of H₂S impact plant physiology, including stomatal function and protein activity.

Keywords:
GYY4137NaSHhydrogen peroxidenitric oxide

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Published on: February 7, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Plant Physiology
  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) was traditionally viewed as a phytotoxin detrimental to plant growth.
  • Recent discoveries reveal plant enzymes that synthesize and degrade H₂S, suggesting a regulatory role.
  • H₂S is now considered a signaling molecule akin to reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To re-evaluate the role of hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) in plant physiology.
  • To explore the signaling functions of H₂S in plants.
  • To investigate the interaction of H₂S with other signaling molecules and cellular processes.

Main Methods:

  • Exposure of plants to exogenous H₂S donors.
  • Analysis of physiological responses, including stomatal aperture.
  • Investigation of intracellular changes such as glutathione levels and enzyme activities.
  • Examination of interactions with nitric oxide (NO) and hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) metabolism.

Main Results:

  • Low concentrations of H₂S elicit significant physiological effects in plants.
  • H₂S influences stomatal aperture and intracellular processes like glutathione levels.
  • H₂S affects enzyme activities and modulates NO and H₂O₂ metabolism.
  • Evidence suggests H₂S may directly modify cysteine residues in proteins, similar to findings in animal studies.

Conclusions:

  • Hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) functions as a crucial signaling molecule in plants, rather than solely a phytotoxin.
  • H₂S interacts with ROS and NO signaling pathways.
  • Understanding H₂S signaling may lead to applications in modulating plant physiology and crop protection.