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Persistent digestive disorders in the tropics: causative infectious pathogens and reference diagnostic tests.

Sören L Becker1, Jürg Vogt, Stefanie Knopp

  • 1Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland.

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|January 26, 2013
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Summary

Persistent digestive disorders in the tropics are caused by over 30 pathogens. Accurate diagnosis requires integrated methods, and simple, affordable tests are needed for resource-limited settings.

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Area of Science:

  • Tropical medicine
  • Infectious diseases
  • Gastroenterology

Background:

  • Persistent digestive disorders represent a significant health burden in tropical regions.
  • Etiology of chronic gastrointestinal symptoms remains incompletely understood, with helminths and protozoa implicated.
  • Current knowledge gaps exist in the epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment, and control of these conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of pathogens causing digestive disorders in tropical areas.
  • To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy and applicability of various laboratory reference tests.
  • To identify challenges and needs in diagnosing persistent intestinal infections.

Main Methods:

  • Literature search for pathogens associated with persistent diarrhea, chronic abdominal pain, and/or blood in stool.
  • Review and categorization of diagnostic methods: microscopy, culture, immunological assays, and molecular techniques.
  • Detailed description of pathogen-specific reference tests with high diagnostic accuracy.

Main Results:

  • Over 30 distinct pathogens can lead to persistent digestive disorders.
  • Bacteria, viruses, and parasites are key etiological agents for both acute and chronic symptoms.
  • Integrated diagnostic approaches combining microscopy, culture, immunological tests, and molecular methods are crucial for accurate identification.

Conclusions:

  • Diagnosing the wide array of intestinal pathogens is challenging and often complex.
  • Development of rapid, simple, and affordable diagnostic tests is essential for resource-constrained settings.
  • Improved diagnostic tools are needed to enhance patient management for persistent digestive disorders.