Upper limb cumulative trauma disorders for the orthopaedic surgeon

Area of Science:

• Occupational Health
• Musculoskeletal Disorders
• Ergonomics

Background:

• Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMSDs) of the upper limb are a significant and increasing global health issue.
• These conditions are frequently linked to repetitive motions, awkward postures, strenuous efforts, and adverse psychosocial workplace factors.
• The long-term progression of WRMSDs necessitates a comprehensive approach to prevention and management.

Purpose of the Study:

• To highlight the multifactorial etiology of upper limb WRMSDs.
• To emphasize the need for integrated therapeutic strategies involving occupational physicians and regulatory bodies.
• To underscore the importance of workplace modifications and organizational changes in managing WRMSDs.

Main Methods:

• Review of existing literature on the causes and management of upper limb WRMSDs.
• Analysis of the interplay between physical and psychosocial factors in WRMSD development.
• Evaluation of current therapeutic interventions, including surgical outcomes.

Main Results:

• WRMSDs are strongly associated with repetitive tasks, extreme postures, and demanding physical exertion within challenging work environments.
• Therapeutic interventions should involve a multidisciplinary approach, integrating occupational health services and regulatory oversight.
• Workstation modifications and company-wide reorganization are crucial for effective management.
• Surgical treatments for upper limb WRMSDs can yield delayed and suboptimal results compared to the general population.

Conclusions:

• Addressing upper limb WRMSDs requires a holistic strategy encompassing ergonomic improvements, psychosocial support, and regulatory compliance.
• Early intervention and preventative measures within the workplace are paramount.
• The limitations of surgical interventions necessitate a greater focus on prevention and conservative management strategies.