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Updated: May 14, 2026

Three-Dimensional Reconstruction of Orbital Fractures
Published on: May 16, 2025
Primary bone xanthoma of the inferior orbital rim
Paolo Boffano1, Cesare Gallesio, Paola Campisi
1Division of Maxillofacial Surgery, Head and Neck Department, San Giovanni Battista Hospital, University of Turin, Turin, Italy. paolo.boffano@gmail.com
Abstract:
Primary bone xanthoma is an extremely rare benign bone tumor histologically characterized by mononuclear macrophage-like cells, abundant foam cells, and multinucleated giant cells. Xanthomas of the bone usually appear as a benign secondary manifestation of some diseases. Therefore, they are denominated primary xanthomas when the other diseases are discarded.We report a peculiar case of primary bone xanthoma of the inferior orbital rim in the absence of hyperlipidemic conditions. Surgical intervention was performed under local anesthesia via a subtarsal 1-cm incision. Histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of bone xanthoma. Primary bone xanthomas are extremely rare. Diagnosis of such lesions is challenging and requires both radiographic and histopathological features assessment. A careful work-up and a full lipid profile should be performed to rule out underlying diseases.
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