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Focused Ion Beam Lithography to Etch Nano-architectures into Microelectrodes
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Enzyme nanoarchitectonics: organization and device application.

Katsuhiko Ariga1, Qingmin Ji, Taizo Mori

  • 1World Premier International (WPI) Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan. ARIGA.Katsuhiko@nims.go.jp

Chemical Society Reviews
|January 26, 2013
PubMed
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Enzyme immobilization enables ultrasmall functional machines by controlling nanoarchitectures. This review covers soft and hard materials for advanced enzyme-based devices and artificial mimics for enhanced stability.

Area of Science:

  • Nanotechnology
  • Biotechnology
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Ultrasmall functional machines require molecular-level components.
  • Enzymes offer efficient, specific, and ambient-condition operation for novel devices.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Summarize recent advances in enzyme immobilization for advanced functions.
  • Focus on micro/nano-level structural control (nanoarchitectonics) for device applications.

Main Methods:

  • Review of enzyme immobilization techniques using organic soft matter (polymers, hybrids).
  • Exploration of inorganic soft materials (mesoporous materials) for enzyme confinement.
  • Analysis of integrated/organized media like layer-by-layer and lipid assemblies.

Main Results:

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  • Soft matter enables enzyme entrapment and self-assembly into nanoarchitectures.
  • Inorganic mesoporous materials improve enzyme stability and arrangement for functional relays.
  • Ultrathin films facilitate integration with external devices like electrodes and transistors.

Conclusions:

  • Enzyme immobilization is key for developing advanced, ultrasmall functional devices.
  • Artificial enzymes and mimics offer solutions for enzyme instability.
  • Future technologies will integrate enzymes and mimics on demand.