Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

What are Viruses?00:50

What are Viruses?

Overview
Retrovirus Life Cycles01:10

Retrovirus Life Cycles

Retroviruses have a single-stranded RNA genome that undergoes a special form of replication. Once the retrovirus has entered the host cell, an enzyme called reverse transcriptase synthesizes double-stranded DNA from the retroviral RNA genome. This DNA copy of the genome is then integrated into the host’s genome inside the nucleus via an enzyme called integrase. Consequently, the retroviral genome is transcribed into RNA whenever the host’s genome is transcribed, allowing the retrovirus to...
Intracellular Movement of Viruses and Bacteria01:10

Intracellular Movement of Viruses and Bacteria

Intracellular bacteria and viruses often comprise a group of highly infectious pathogens that can cause several diseases. Bacterial pathogens include those belonging to the genus Rickettsia responsible for conditions such as rocky mountain spotted fever and the Mediterranean spotted fever; Chlamydia, a genus responsible for a sexually transmitted disease; Coxiella burnetii, an agent responsible for Q fever. Viral pathogens include vaccinia—a poxvirus, and herpes simplex virus—a virus that...
Influenza01:27

Influenza

Influenza is an acute, highly communicable viral disease that affects the respiratory tract and is responsible for seasonal epidemics worldwide. Influenza A is the most prevalent type associated with widespread outbreaks and is subtyped based on two surface glycoproteins: hemagglutinin (H) and neuraminidase (N), as in H1N1. These glycoproteins are essential for viral infectivity, transmission, and immune recognition. Transmission occurs primarily through respiratory droplets and contaminated...
Viruses with RNA Genomes01:29

Viruses with RNA Genomes

RNA viruses are categorized into positive-strand, negative-strand, or double-stranded groups based on their genomic structure and replication mechanisms. This classification dictates how they exploit host cellular machinery for protein synthesis and replication. Some RNA viruses also utilize reverse transcription as part of their life cycle, further diversifying their replication strategies.Positive-Strand RNA VirusesPositive-strand RNA viruses have genomes that function directly as messenger...
Lytic Cycle of Bacteriophages01:30

Lytic Cycle of Bacteriophages

Bacteriophages, also known as phages, are specialized viruses that infect bacteria. A key characteristic of phages is their distinctive “head-tail” morphology. A phage begins the infection process (i.e., lytic cycle) by attaching to the outside of a bacterial cell. Attachment is accomplished via proteins in the phage tail that bind to specific receptor proteins on the outer surface of the bacterium. The tail injects the phage’s DNA genome into the bacterial cytoplasm. In the lytic replication...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Proof-of-Concept Development and Preclinical Evaluation of a Microarray Patch Platform for Codelivery of Multiple Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies for HIV Prevention.

Molecular pharmaceutics·2026
Same author

Neutralizing antibodies elicited in nonhuman primates by an enterovirus D68 virus-like particle vaccine target receptor binding sites.

Science translational medicine·2026
Same author

Identification and characterization of novel chikungunya virus polymerase inhibitors.

Journal of virology·2026
Same author

Protective immunity against malaria by a nanoparticle CIS43-based junctional vaccine alone or in combination with R21.

NPJ vaccines·2026
Same author

Potent Monoclonal Antibodies Against Circulating Yellow Fever Virus Strains from Donors Immunized with the 17D Vaccine.

The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene·2026
Same author

Vaccine elicitation of HIV-1 neutralizing antibodies against both V2 apex and fusion peptide in rhesus macaques.

Cell reports·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 14, 2026

Arbovirus Infections As Screening Tools for the Identification of Viral Immunomodulators and Host Antiviral Factors
06:02

Arbovirus Infections As Screening Tools for the Identification of Viral Immunomodulators and Host Antiviral Factors

Published on: September 13, 2018

Flaviviruses: braking the entering.

Theodore C Pierson1, Margaret Kielian

  • 1Viral Pathogenesis Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States. piersontc@mail.nih.gov

Current Opinion in Virology
|January 29, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Flaviviruses use envelope (E) proteins to attach to and enter host cells. Understanding E protein structure and function advances knowledge of virus entry, informing new antiviral strategies targeting this critical viral lifecycle step.

More Related Videos

In Vitro Disassembly of Influenza A Virus Capsids by Gradient Centrifugation
07:24

In Vitro Disassembly of Influenza A Virus Capsids by Gradient Centrifugation

Published on: March 27, 2016

Early Viral Entry Assays for the Identification and Evaluation of Antiviral Compounds
09:29

Early Viral Entry Assays for the Identification and Evaluation of Antiviral Compounds

Published on: October 29, 2015

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 14, 2026

Arbovirus Infections As Screening Tools for the Identification of Viral Immunomodulators and Host Antiviral Factors
06:02

Arbovirus Infections As Screening Tools for the Identification of Viral Immunomodulators and Host Antiviral Factors

Published on: September 13, 2018

In Vitro Disassembly of Influenza A Virus Capsids by Gradient Centrifugation
07:24

In Vitro Disassembly of Influenza A Virus Capsids by Gradient Centrifugation

Published on: March 27, 2016

Early Viral Entry Assays for the Identification and Evaluation of Antiviral Compounds
09:29

Early Viral Entry Assays for the Identification and Evaluation of Antiviral Compounds

Published on: October 29, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Structural Biology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Flaviviruses are enveloped viruses characterized by surface envelope (E) proteins.
  • E proteins are crucial for viral attachment to host cells and mediating membrane fusion during entry.
  • The precise mechanism of flavivirus entry remains an active area of research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the role of flavivirus envelope (E) proteins in viral entry.
  • To explore how E protein structure and arrangement influence virus-cell interactions.
  • To identify potential antiviral strategies targeting the flavivirus entry pathway.

Main Methods:

  • Structural analysis of flavivirus E proteins at different stages of the entry process.
  • Studies on the cell biology of flavivirus entry and membrane fusion.
  • Investigation of inhibitors targeting cellular and viral entry mechanisms.

Main Results:

  • Advances in understanding E protein structure and arrangement on the virion.
  • Improved insights into the choreography of E proteins during cell entry.
  • Demonstration of the potential of entry inhibitors as research tools.

Conclusions:

  • Knowledge of E protein structure and function is key to understanding flavivirus entry.
  • Targeting viral entry pathways offers promising avenues for antiviral drug development.
  • Inhibitors of entry processes can serve as valuable tools for studying viral lifecycles.