Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 14, 2026

09:43
Using Real-Time Cell Metabolic Flux Analyzer to Monitor Osteoblast Bioenergetics
Published on: March 1, 2022
[Bone mineral metabolism that kidney controls]
Genta Kanai1, Masafumi Fukagawa
1Department of Medicine, Tokai University, Japan.
Summary
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) leads to mineral metabolism issues, increasing cardiovascular risks. Understanding the FGF23-Klotho pathway is key to addressing these bone and mineral disorders in CKD patients.
Area of Science:
- Nephrology
- Endocrinology
- Cardiovascular Medicine
Background:
- Progressive loss of kidney function in chronic kidney disease (CKD) is linked to mineral metabolism abnormalities.
- CKD-mineral and bone disorder (CKD-MBD) is independently associated with cardiovascular disease and mortality.
- Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) has emerged as a crucial factor in understanding these complex mechanisms.
Purpose of the Study:
- To elucidate the role of FGF23 and its interaction with Klotho in the pathogenesis of mineral metabolism abnormalities in CKD.
- To provide new insights into the mechanisms underlying CKD-MBD.
Main Methods:
- This study focuses on the elucidation of the FGF23-Klotho pathway.
- Mechanistic insights into bone mineral metabolism in CKD.
Main Results:
- The FGF23-Klotho axis plays a significant role in mineral metabolism.
- Further understanding of this pathway is crucial for CKD patients.
Conclusions:
- Elucidating the FGF23-Klotho pathway is essential for improving the understanding of CKD-mineral and bone disorder.
- This knowledge may lead to improved therapeutic strategies for CKD patients, potentially reducing cardiovascular complications and mortality.
Related Concept Videos
Skeleton and Calcium Homeostasis
Calcium is not only the most abundant mineral in bone but also the most abundant mineral in the human body. Calcium ions are needed for bone mineralization, tooth health, heart rate regulation and strength of contraction, blood coagulation, the contraction of smooth and skeletal muscle cells, and the regulation of nerve impulse conduction. The average calcium level in the blood is about 10 mg/dL. When the body cannot maintain this level, a person will experience hypo or hypercalcemia.
Bone Remodeling
Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.
Renal Regulation of Acid-Base Balance
Metabolic reactions in the body produce nonvolatile acids, such as sulfuric acid, which generate an acid load of approximately 1 mEq of H+ per kilogram of body weight daily. Excreting H+ in the urine is essential to balance this acid load.
In the kidneys, cells within the proximal convoluted tubules (PCT) and the collecting ducts secrete hydrogen ions (H+) into the tubular fluid. Specifically, in the PCT, Na+/H+ antiporters secrete H+ while reabsorbing Na+.
However, the intercalated cells in...
In the kidneys, cells within the proximal convoluted tubules (PCT) and the collecting ducts secrete hydrogen ions (H+) into the tubular fluid. Specifically, in the PCT, Na+/H+ antiporters secrete H+ while reabsorbing Na+.
However, the intercalated cells in...
Introduction to Urinary System
The urinary system consists of two kidneys, two ureters, the urinary bladder, and the urethra.
The kidneys are bean-shaped organs located in the retroperitoneal space, on either side of the vertebral column, between the T12 and L3 vertebrae. They are partially protected by the rib cage and surrounded by perirenal fat, which provides cushioning. They are responsible for urine formation and play critical roles in regulating blood pressure, electrolyte levels, and hormone production. The ureters...
The kidneys are bean-shaped organs located in the retroperitoneal space, on either side of the vertebral column, between the T12 and L3 vertebrae. They are partially protected by the rib cage and surrounded by perirenal fat, which provides cushioning. They are responsible for urine formation and play critical roles in regulating blood pressure, electrolyte levels, and hormone production. The ureters...
Hormones and Bone Tissue
The endocrine system produces and secretes hormones, which interact with the skeletal system. These hormones control bone growth, maintain bone once it is formed, and remodel it.
Hormones That Influence Osteoblasts and/or Maintain the Matrix
Several hormones are necessary for controlling bone growth and maintaining the bone matrix. The pituitary gland secretes growth hormone (GH), which, as its name implies, controls bone growth. This happens in several ways: first, it triggers chondrocyte...
Hormones That Influence Osteoblasts and/or Maintain the Matrix
Several hormones are necessary for controlling bone growth and maintaining the bone matrix. The pituitary gland secretes growth hormone (GH), which, as its name implies, controls bone growth. This happens in several ways: first, it triggers chondrocyte...
What is the Skeletal System?
Overview

