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Related Concept Videos

Secondary Messengers in Hormone Action01:26

Secondary Messengers in Hormone Action

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Water-soluble hormones cannot cross the plasma membrane, so they rely on protein receptors that span the membrane to trigger intracellular signaling pathways. These pathways then activate second messengers inside the cell, including cAMP or calcium ions.
Many hormones bind to transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors that connect to regulatory G proteins. These G proteins can then activate enzymes such as adenylyl cyclase or phospholipase C. Adenylyl cyclase converts ATP to cAMP, activating...
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Hormones and Bone Tissue01:17

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The endocrine system produces and secretes hormones, which interact with the skeletal system. These hormones control bone growth, maintain bone once it is formed, and remodel it.
Hormones That Influence Osteoblasts and/or Maintain the Matrix
Several hormones are necessary for controlling bone growth and maintaining the bone matrix. The pituitary gland secretes growth hormone (GH), which, as its name implies, controls bone growth. This happens in several ways: first, it triggers chondrocyte...
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Types of Hormones02:13

Types of Hormones

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Hormones can be classified into three main types based on their chemical structures: steroids, peptides, and amines. Their actions are mediated by the specific receptors they bind to on target cells.
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Types of Hormones01:21

Types of Hormones

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Hormones are classified into four main groups: steroids, eicosanoids, amino acid-based derivatives, and peptide hormones.
Steroids and eicosanoids fall under the category of lipid-soluble hormones. Steroids are derived from cholesterol and feature four interconnected carbon rings with variable side chains. Notable examples include estradiol from ovaries and testosterone from testes, exemplifying the critical roles of these lipid-soluble hormones in reproductive physiology. Eicosanoids, derived...
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Hormonal Regulation01:33

Hormonal Regulation

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The renin-aldosterone system is an endocrine system which guides the renal absorption of water and electrolytes, thus managing blood pressure and osmoregulation. Activation of the system begins in the kidneys with a small cluster of cells adjacent to the afferent and efferent blood vessels of the renal corpuscle. As the nephrons are filtering blood, juxtaglomerular cells monitor blood pressure. If they detect a decrease in pressure, they release the hormone renin into the bloodstream.
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Hormonal Regulation01:40

Hormonal Regulation

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Hormones regulate a significant portion of digestion through activation of the neuroendocrine system. The neuroendocrine system of digestion contains many different hormones all with multiple functions that are both, directly and indirectly, involved in digestion.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 24, 2026

Author Spotlight: In Vivo Assessment of Thyroid Hormone Disruption Using the THAI Mouse Model
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[Parathyroid hormone : its anabolic action on bone].

Yoichi Ezura1, Masaki Noda

  • 1Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan.

Clinical Calcium
|January 29, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Parathyroid hormone (PTH) influences bone by signaling through PTH1R on osteoblastic cells. Intermittent PTH treatment promotes bone growth by stimulating osteoblast differentiation and survival, while also potentially increasing bone resorption.

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Bone Biology
  • Cell Signaling

Context:

  • Parathyroid hormone (PTH) is a key regulator of calcium homeostasis and bone metabolism.
  • PTH exerts its effects via the G-protein coupled receptor PTH1R, primarily on osteoblastic lineage cells.
  • Understanding PTH's dual role in bone resorption and anabolism is crucial for treating bone disorders.

Purpose:

  • To elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying the anabolic actions of parathyroid hormone (PTH) on bone.
  • To differentiate between direct and indirect effects of PTH on osteoblastic cells and osteoclasts.
  • To clarify the role of PTH in regulating osteogenic precursor proliferation and osteoblast differentiation.

Summary:

  • PTH signaling through PTH1R on osteoblastic cells modulates bone metabolism.

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  • Physiological PTH action may involve increased RANKL, leading to osteoclast-mediated bone resorption and calcium release.
  • Intermittent PTH treatment promotes bone anabolism via osteoblast proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis inhibition, and reduced Wnt inhibitor secretion.

    • Impact:

    • Reveals complex signaling pathways of PTH in bone remodeling.
    • Highlights the potential for intermittent PTH therapy in treating bone diseases.
    • Identifies specific cellular mechanisms, including osteoblast differentiation and apoptosis inhibition, contributing to PTH's anabolic effects.