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Related Concept Videos

Couette Flow01:22

Couette Flow

Couette flow represents the flow of fluid between two parallel plates, with one plate fixed and the other moving with a constant velocity. This configuration allows for a simplified analysis using the Navier-Stokes equations, which govern fluid motion under conditions of viscosity and incompressibility. For Couette flow, the assumptions include a steady, laminar, incompressible flow with a zero-pressure gradient in the flow direction. This flow type is beneficial for understanding shear-driven...
Steady, Laminar Flow Between Parallel Plates01:17

Steady, Laminar Flow Between Parallel Plates

Understanding steady, laminar flow between parallel plates is essential for analyzing and designing flow in narrow rectangular channels, commonly found in various water conveyance and drainage systems. The Navier-Stokes equations govern fluid motion and are generally challenging to solve due to their nonlinearity. However, simplifications are possible in certain cases, like the steady laminar flow between parallel plates. For this scenario, we assume steady, incompressible, laminar flow.
Steady, Laminar Flow in Circular Tubes01:23

Steady, Laminar Flow in Circular Tubes

Hagen-Poiseuille flow describes a viscous fluid's steady, incompressible flow through a cylindrical tube with a constant radius R. This flow profile is often applied to understand fluid transport in narrow channels, such as capillaries. It serves as a foundational example of laminar flow. In this model, cylindrical coordinates (r,θ,z) are used to describe the radial (r), angular (θ), and axial (z) dimensions within the tube. For Hagen-Poiseuille flow, the velocity profile is purely axial,...
Capillarity in Fluid01:19

Capillarity in Fluid

Capillarity describes the movement of liquid in small spaces without external forces acting on it. The capillarity is driven by surface tension and adhesive interactions between the liquid and surrounding solid surfaces. This effect is often seen in narrow tubes, porous materials, and fine particles.
Surface tension is crucial to capillarity. It results from cohesive forces between liquid molecules at the liquid-air boundary, forming a skin that resists external forces. When the capillary tube...
Bernoulli's Equation for Flow Along a Streamline01:30

Bernoulli's Equation for Flow Along a Streamline

Bernoulli's equation relates the energy conservation in a fluid moving along a streamline. The equation applies to incompressible and inviscid fluids under steady flow. For such a flow, Newton's second law is applied to a small fluid element, which experiences forces due to pressure differences, gravity, and velocity variations. The force balance leads to the following form of Bernoulli's equation:
Laminar and Turbulent Flow01:07

Laminar and Turbulent Flow

Fluid dynamics is the study of fluids in motion. Velocity vectors are often used to illustrate fluid motion in applications like meteorology. For example, wind—the fluid motion of air in the atmosphere—can be represented by vectors indicating the speed and direction of the wind at any given point on a map. Another method for representing fluid motion is a streamline. A streamline represents the path of a small volume of fluid as it flows. When the flow pattern changes with time, the streamlines...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 14, 2026

A Novel Three-dimensional Flow Chamber Device to Study Chemokine-directed Extravasation of Cells Circulating under Physiological Flow Conditions
10:56

A Novel Three-dimensional Flow Chamber Device to Study Chemokine-directed Extravasation of Cells Circulating under Physiological Flow Conditions

Published on: July 15, 2013

Cell exclusion in couette flow: evaluation through flow visualization and mechanical forces.

Laura J Leslie1, Lindsay J Marshall, Andrew Devitt

  • 1School of Engineering and Applied Science, Aston University, Birmingham, UK. l.j.leslie@aston.ac.uk

Artificial Organs
|January 30, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Cell exclusion, where blood cells move away from high-stress areas, was demonstrated in Couette flow for the first time. This finding in spiral-groove bearings could improve medical device design.

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Last Updated: May 14, 2026

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10:56

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Separating Beads and Cells in Multi-channel Microfluidic Devices Using Dielectrophoresis and Laminar Flow

Published on: February 4, 2011

Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Fluid Dynamics
  • Hematology

Background:

  • Cell exclusion, a reduction in hematocrit and viscosity in high-stress blood flow, is known in Poiseuille flow.
  • This phenomenon has not been previously observed in Couette flow, relevant to implantable devices like blood pumps.
  • High shear stresses in Couette flow can cause erythrocyte damage (hemolysis).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate cell exclusion in Couette flow using a spiral-groove bearing (SGB).
  • To investigate the potential of SGBs to mitigate hemolysis by facilitating cell exclusion.
  • To understand blood behavior under shear stress in artificial environments.

Main Methods:

  • Measured the force between bearings in Couette flow, including an SGB.
  • Visualized stained erythrocytes and spheres across a transparent SGB at varying gap heights.
  • Compared the behavior of human blood with control fluids of similar viscosity.

Main Results:

  • A reduction in force across the SGB for human blood was observed, indicating decreased viscosity.
  • This force reduction is attributed to cell exclusion and subsequent hematocrit decrease.
  • Images confirmed erythrocytes and spheres being excluded from the gap into the SGB grooves.

Conclusions:

  • Cell exclusion is demonstrated in Couette flow for the first time using an SGB.
  • SGBs can facilitate cell exclusion, potentially reducing hemolysis in medical devices.
  • Findings advance the understanding of blood flow dynamics and inform future medical device design.