Microparticles containing propolis and metronidazole: in vitro characterization, release study and antimicrobial...

Area of Science:

• Pharmaceutical Sciences
• Microbiology
• Biomaterials Science

Background:

• Periodontal disease is a significant oral health concern caused by various bacterial pathogens.
• Current treatments face challenges with drug delivery and efficacy.
• Metronidazole and propolis possess known antimicrobial properties.

Purpose of the Study:

• To develop and characterize ethylcellulose microparticles containing metronidazole and propolis for periodontal applications.
• To evaluate the in vitro antimicrobial efficacy of these microparticles against key periodontal pathogens.
• To assess the drug release kinetics and potential synergistic effects between metronidazole and propolis.

Main Methods:

• Ethylcellulose microparticles were prepared encapsulating metronidazole and propolis extractive solution.
• Characterization included scanning electron microscopy, particle size analysis, and drug entrapment efficiency determination.
• In vitro antimicrobial activity was tested against Enterococcus faecalis, Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus mutans, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Escherichia coli.
• In vitro drug release studies were conducted to determine release mechanisms.

Main Results:

• Microparticles exhibited regular morphology with a mean diameter of 1.23 µm.
• Entrapment efficiencies were 91.41% for propolis and 22.23% for metronidazole.
• Prolonged and Fickian diffusion-controlled release of both agents was observed.
• Both agents showed antimicrobial activity, with specific susceptibilities noted for E. faecalis, S. pyogenes, and S. mutans.
• A potentiation effect between propolis and metronidazole was suggested by reduced metronidazole dosage requirements.

Conclusions:

• Ethylcellulose microparticles effectively encapsulate metronidazole and propolis, providing sustained release.
• These microparticles demonstrate significant in vitro antimicrobial activity against periodontal pathogens.
• The observed potentiation effect highlights the potential for enhanced therapeutic outcomes in periodontal disease treatment.
• The developed microparticles offer a promising platform for novel periodontal dosage forms, facilitating easier and safer administration into periodontal pockets.