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Related Concept Videos

Production Efficiency01:01

Production Efficiency

Net production efficiency (NPE) is the efficiency at which organisms assimilate energy into biomass for the next trophic level. Due to low metabolic rates and less energy spent on thermoregulatory processes, the NPE of ectotherms (cold-blooded animals) is 10 times higher than endotherms (warm-blooded animals).
Energy Diagrams, Transition States, and Intermediates02:13

Energy Diagrams, Transition States, and Intermediates

Free-energy diagrams, or reaction coordinate diagrams, are graphs showing the energy changes that occur during a chemical reaction. The reaction coordinate represented on the horizontal axis shows how far the reaction has progressed structurally. Positions along the x-axis close to the reactants have structures resembling the reactants, while positions close to the products resemble the products.  Peaks on the energy diagram represent stable structures with measurable lifetimes, while other...
Mechanical Efficiency of Real Machines01:14

Mechanical Efficiency of Real Machines

The mechanical efficiency of a machine is a fundamental concept that describes how effectively a machine can convert input work into output work. According to this concept, the efficiency of a machine is equal to the ratio of the output work to the input work. An ideal machine, meaning a machine that has no energy losses, has an efficiency of one. This implies that the input work and the output work are equal.
However, in reality, no machine can be truly ideal, and all of them experience some...
Parameters Affecting Nonlinear Elimination: Zero-Order Input, First-Order Absorption and Two-Compartment Model01:13

Parameters Affecting Nonlinear Elimination: Zero-Order Input, First-Order Absorption and Two-Compartment Model

Drugs administered through various routes can lead to nonlinear elimination, resulting in complex pharmacokinetic behaviors crucial to understanding efficacious drug dosing.
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Trophic Efficiency00:46

Trophic Efficiency

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Bioreactor Controls-III01:22

Bioreactor Controls-III

Strain improvement is a foundational strategy in industrial microbiology aimed at maximizing microbial productivity, particularly because natural isolates typically yield commercially valuable products in very low concentrations. Although optimizing the culture medium and environmental conditions can improve yields, these adjustments are inherently limited by the organism’s genetic potential. As a result, the focus shifts toward genetic modifications to enhance biosynthetic capacity. The...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 14, 2026

A Low-Cost Method of Measuring the In Situ Primary Productivity of Periphyton Communities of Lentic Waters
06:02

A Low-Cost Method of Measuring the In Situ Primary Productivity of Periphyton Communities of Lentic Waters

Published on: December 16, 2022

Intermediate inputs and economic productivity.

Simon Baptist1, Cameron Hepburn

  • 1Vivid Economics Ltd., London School of Economics, London, UK.

Philosophical Transactions. Series A, Mathematical, Physical, and Engineering Sciences
|January 30, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Sectors using fewer intermediate inputs, like materials and energy, show higher total factor productivity (TFP). This suggests current economic models may overestimate the productivity of resource-intensive industries.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 14, 2026

A Low-Cost Method of Measuring the In Situ Primary Productivity of Periphyton Communities of Lentic Waters
06:02

A Low-Cost Method of Measuring the In Situ Primary Productivity of Periphyton Communities of Lentic Waters

Published on: December 16, 2022

Area of Science:

  • Economics
  • Environmental Science
  • Industrial Ecology

Background:

  • Traditional economic growth models often omit crucial intermediate inputs like materials and energy.
  • Increasing environmental concerns and resource costs highlight the need to include these inputs in economic analyses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the link between intermediate input intensity, productivity, and national accounts.
  • To develop production functions that account for intermediate inputs and heterogeneity in technology and productivity.
  • To identify potential biases in current productivity measurements within national accounts.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a 47-year panel dataset of U.S. manufacturing subsectors.
  • Developed sectoral production functions incorporating intermediate inputs.
  • Analyzed the correlation between intermediate input intensity and total factor productivity (TFP) at both sectoral and firm levels.

Main Results:

  • A negative correlation was found between intermediate input intensity and TFP; less intensive sectors exhibit higher productivity.
  • This finding was consistent across both sectoral and firm-level analyses.
  • The study suggests that excluding intermediate inputs from national accounts may lead to an empirical bias in productivity measurement.

Conclusions:

  • Sectors with lower intermediate input intensity tend to have higher TFP.
  • Current national accounting practices may overstate the productivity of resource-intensive sectors.
  • Further research is recommended on material efficiency and the disaggregation of intermediate inputs.