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Related Concept Videos

Raman Spectroscopy: Overview01:20

Raman Spectroscopy: Overview

The underlying principle of Raman spectroscopy is based on the interaction between light and matter, specifically molecules' inelastic scattering of photons. When a monochromatic beam of light, typically from a laser source, interacts with a sample, most scattered light has the same frequency as the incident light. This is known as Rayleigh scattering.
However, a small fraction of the scattered light exhibits a frequency shift due to the exchange of energy between the incident photons and the...
Raman Spectroscopy Instrumentation: Overview01:26

Raman Spectroscopy Instrumentation: Overview

A conventional Raman spectrophotometer includes a laser source, a sample holding system, a wavelength selector, and a detector.
The monochromatic laser source, typically using visible or near-infrared radiation, generates a highly focused beam of light. This light interacts with the molecules of the sample, scattering some of the light. Liquid and gaseous samples are usually tested in ordinary glass capillaries, while solids can be analyzed as powders packed in capillaries or as potassium...
Tandem Mass Spectrometry01:21

Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Tandem mass spectrometry is a technique that uses multiple mass analyzers in series to obtain a higher selectivity and reduce chemical noise during analyte detection. Instruments with multiple analyzers separated by an interaction cell enable secondary fragmentation and selected study of the fragment ions.Secondary fragmentations occur in the interaction cell and can be induced by various factors. Fragmentation induced by collision with inert gases, such as N2, Ar, He, etc., is called...
Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Lab01:29

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Lab

AES is a powerful analytical technique, especially effective when used with plasma sources, producing abundant spectra in characteristic emission lines. The Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP), in particular, yields superior quantitative analytical data due to its high stability, low noise, low background, and minimal interferences under optimal experimental conditions. However, newer air-operated microwave sources are emerging as promising alternatives that could be more cost-effective than...
Mass Spectrometry: Complex Analysis01:21

Mass Spectrometry: Complex Analysis

Mass spectrometry is an important technique for the identification of pure compounds. However, it has some limitations for the analysis of complex mixtures, often due to excessive fragmentation making the spectrum too complicated to decipher. Mass spectrometry can be combined with suitable separation methods in sequence, forming hyphenated methods, which are useful in the analysis of complex mixtures.
GC–MS is a powerful hyphenated method commonly used in forensics and environmental...
Atomic Spectroscopy: Absorption, Emission, and Fluorescence01:23

Atomic Spectroscopy: Absorption, Emission, and Fluorescence

Atomic spectroscopy is a vital tool in elemental analysis, both qualitatively and quantitatively. It can be broadly divided into optical spectroscopy, mass spectroscopy, and X-ray spectroscopy methods. The optical spectroscopic methods are atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS), atomic emission spectroscopy (AES), and atomic fluorescence spectroscopy (AFS). The first step in all three methods is atomization, where the solid, liquid, or solution-phase samples are converted into gas-phase atoms and...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 14, 2026

A Novel Technique for Raman Analysis of Highly Radioactive Samples Using Any Standard Micro-Raman Spectrometer
07:52

A Novel Technique for Raman Analysis of Highly Radioactive Samples Using Any Standard Micro-Raman Spectrometer

Published on: April 12, 2017

Dynamite analysis by Raman spectroscopy as a unique analytical tool.

María López-López1, Jose Luis Ferrando, Carmen García-Ruiz

  • 1University Institute of Research in Police Sciences, University of Alcalá, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona Km. 33.600, 28871 Alcalá de Henares (Madrid) Spain.

Analytical Chemistry
|January 31, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Raman spectroscopy offers a powerful new method for analyzing complex dynamite mixtures. This technique successfully identified major and minor components in dynamites, demonstrating its potential for intricate sample analysis.

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Last Updated: May 14, 2026

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Area of Science:

  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Forensic Science

Background:

  • Dynamites are complex explosive mixtures requiring sophisticated analytical methods.
  • Current analytical techniques for dynamites are limited and often require multiple approaches.
  • There is a critical need for novel, efficient methods for dynamite analysis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce and evaluate Raman spectroscopy as a primary analytical technique for dynamite.
  • To demonstrate the capability of Raman spectroscopy in identifying components within complex dynamite formulations.
  • To showcase the utility of Raman mapping for visualizing component distribution in dynamites.

Main Methods:

  • Confocal Raman spectroscopy for component identification.
  • Raman mapping for spatial distribution analysis of components.
  • Chemical treatments (flocculation, precipitation) followed by Raman analysis for minor component detection.

Main Results:

  • Raman spectroscopy effectively identified major components like ammonium nitrate, ethylene glycol dinitrate, and sawdust.
  • Raman mapping visualized the heterogeneous distribution of these components within the dynamite matrix.
  • Minor components including nitrocellulose, CaCO3, and flour were successfully identified after sample preparation.

Conclusions:

  • Raman spectroscopy is a highly promising technique for the comprehensive analysis of complex dynamite samples.
  • This method offers a non-destructive and efficient approach to characterizing explosive materials.
  • The findings pave the way for developing standardized Raman-based analytical protocols for dynamites.