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Related Concept Videos

Drug Concentrations: Measurements01:23

Drug Concentrations: Measurements

Drug concentration is the quantity of a drug present in a biological sample. Measuring drug amounts in biological samples allows the clinician to understand how a drug is absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and excreted. Samples can be obtained through invasive or non-invasive methods. Invasive techniques involve surgical or parenteral interventions to gather blood, cerebrospinal fluid, or tissue biopsy. Conversely, non-invasive approaches provide samples like urine, feces, and saliva.
Plasma —...
Drug Accumulation During Multiple Dosing: Intermittent IV Infusions01:24

Drug Accumulation During Multiple Dosing: Intermittent IV Infusions

Intermittent intravenous (IV) infusion is a method of drug administration where medications are delivered over short infusion periods followed by intervals of no drug delivery. This approach helps to prevent sustained high drug concentrations in the bloodstream, reducing the risk of adverse effects associated with prolonged exposure. Unlike continuous infusion, steady-state concentrations may not be achieved during a single dosing cycle but can be reached through repeated...
Drug Concentration Versus Time Correlation01:15

Drug Concentration Versus Time Correlation

The plasma drug concentration-time curve is a crucial tool in pharmacokinetics, representing the drug's concentration in plasma at different time intervals post-administration. This curve illustrates the drug's journey from absorption into the systemic circulation, distribution to body tissues, and eventual elimination through excretion or biotransformation.
Two pivotal parameters are the minimum effective concentration (MEC) and the minimum toxic concentration (MTC). The MEC is the lowest drug...
Drug Distribution: Volume of Distribution01:25

Drug Distribution: Volume of Distribution

The volume of distribution refers to the theoretical volume necessary to contain the entire amount of an administered drug at the same concentration observed in the blood plasma. The body's intracellular fluid compartment, which makes up two-thirds of the total body water, is contrasted with the extracellular fluid compartment—comprising plasma and interstitial fluid—that accounts for one-third. The volume of distribution can vary depending on the characteristics of the drug.
Drug Distribution: Tissue Binding01:21

Drug Distribution: Tissue Binding

Upon entering the systemic circulation, drugs can distribute into the interstitial and intracellular fluid of various tissue cells. This distribution is facilitated by the binding of drugs to different cellular components within tissues, which may lead to drug accumulation in specific areas. Drugs bound to tissue components serve as reservoirs that release free drugs back into the system, prolonging the drug's overall action. However, this accumulation can also result in local toxicity.
For...
Determination of Multiple Dosing Parameters: Steady-State, Minimum and Maximum Concentrations01:15

Determination of Multiple Dosing Parameters: Steady-State, Minimum and Maximum Concentrations

Gentamicin, an aminoglycoside antibiotic, is commonly administered via intermittent intravenous infusion to treat severe infections. An intermittent one-hour infusion of gentamicin, administered at eight-hour intervals, allows for precise control of plasma drug concentrations, minimizing toxicity while ensuring therapeutic efficacy. Pharmacokinetic principles govern the dynamics of plasma concentrations and can be mathematically described using specific equations.The plasma drug concentration...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 14, 2026

High Throughput, Real-time, Dual-readout Testing of Intracellular Antimicrobial Activity and Eukaryotic Cell Cytotoxicity
09:09

High Throughput, Real-time, Dual-readout Testing of Intracellular Antimicrobial Activity and Eukaryotic Cell Cytotoxicity

Published on: November 16, 2016

Intracellular drug concentrations.

C T Dollery1

  • 1Medicines Research Centre, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, UK. colin.dollery@gsk.com

Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics
|January 31, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Predicting drug effects requires knowing intracellular drug concentrations. New mass spectrometry imaging techniques show promise for measuring drug distribution within cells, aiding pharmacologic effect prediction.

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Models and Methods to Evaluate Transport of Drug Delivery Systems Across Cellular Barriers

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 14, 2026

High Throughput, Real-time, Dual-readout Testing of Intracellular Antimicrobial Activity and Eukaryotic Cell Cytotoxicity
09:09

High Throughput, Real-time, Dual-readout Testing of Intracellular Antimicrobial Activity and Eukaryotic Cell Cytotoxicity

Published on: November 16, 2016

Tracking Drug-induced Changes in Receptor Post-internalization Trafficking by Colocalizational Analysis
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Models and Methods to Evaluate Transport of Drug Delivery Systems Across Cellular Barriers
18:57

Models and Methods to Evaluate Transport of Drug Delivery Systems Across Cellular Barriers

Published on: October 17, 2013

Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology
  • Cell Biology
  • Analytical Chemistry

Background:

  • Many crucial drug targets reside inside cells.
  • Drug entry into cells is influenced by membrane transport.
  • Basic drugs can accumulate in cellular organelles, impacting their effects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the challenge of measuring intracellular drug concentrations.
  • To introduce advanced mass spectrometry imaging techniques for this purpose.

Main Methods:

  • Review of techniques combining mass spectrometry with imaging.
  • Specific mention of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI), secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS), and nanoSIMS.

Main Results:

  • These techniques offer potential solutions for quantifying drug concentrations within cells.
  • Imaging mass spectrometry can visualize drug distribution at the subcellular level.

Conclusions:

  • Accurate prediction of pharmacologic effects necessitates understanding intracellular drug concentrations.
  • Mass spectrometry imaging methods are promising tools for achieving this measurement goal.