Global developmental delay and mental retardation--a pediatric perspective

Area of Science:

• Pediatric Neurology
• Developmental Pediatrics
• Child Health

Background:

• Global developmental delay (GDD) and mental retardation (MR) require early detection and management by pediatricians.
• Developmental pediatricians lead the assessment, investigation, and family consultation, often within a multidisciplinary team.
• Community health frameworks influence the models used for managing GDD and MR.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the literature on clinical evaluation and laboratory work-up for children with GDD/MR.
• To emphasize a multidisciplinary team approach tailored to child and family needs.
• To propose an integrated model for evaluation, management, and understanding the diagnosis's impact.

Main Methods:

• Literature review focusing on clinical evaluation processes.
• Review of laboratory investigations including neuroimaging, genetic, and metabolic tests.
• Emphasis on a multidisciplinary team approach and family-centered care.

Main Results:

• Significant advancements have been made in identifying etiologies of GDD/MR through various tests.
• The diagnostic yield of investigations requires careful consideration of each test's value.
• In-depth clinical evaluation and assessment of child/family needs are crucial for optimal knowledge utilization.

Conclusions:

• An integrated model is proposed for developmental pediatricians, encompassing evaluation, management, and the broader consequences of diagnosis.
• Effective management hinges on balancing diagnostic investigations with thorough clinical assessment.
• A multidisciplinary, family-centered approach is essential for addressing the needs of children with GDD/MR.