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Related Concept Videos

MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA ends...
MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA ends...
Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps01:23

Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps

The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the addition of a...
Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps02:24

Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps

Gene expression can be regulated at almost every step from gene to protein. Transcription is the step that is most commonly regulated. This involves the binding of proteins to short regulatory sequences on the DNA. This association can either promote or inhibit the transcription of a gene associated with the respective sequence.
Transcription results in the generation of precursor (pre-mRNA) that consists of both exons and introns, which needs further processing before being translated to a...
Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps02:24

Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps

Gene expression can be regulated at almost every step from gene to protein. Transcription is the step that is most commonly regulated. This involves the binding of proteins to short regulatory sequences on the DNA. This association can either promote or inhibit the transcription of a gene associated with the respective sequence.
Transcription results in the generation of precursor (pre-mRNA) that consists of both exons and introns, which needs further processing before being translated to a...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 14, 2026

CRISPR Gene Editing Tool for MicroRNA Cluster Network Analysis
10:40

CRISPR Gene Editing Tool for MicroRNA Cluster Network Analysis

Published on: April 25, 2022

Context-specific microRNA function in developmental complexity.

Adam P Carroll1, Paul A Tooney, Murray J Cairns

  • 1School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.

Journal of Molecular Cell Biology
|January 31, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

MicroRNAs (miRNA) are small non-coding RNAs crucial for animal development and gene regulation. Understanding their context-specific function is key to deciphering their biological roles.

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Last Updated: May 14, 2026

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Detection of miRNA Targets in High-throughput Using the 3'LIFE Assay
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Published on: May 25, 2015

Biotin-based Pulldown Assay to Validate mRNA Targets of Cellular miRNAs
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Biotin-based Pulldown Assay to Validate mRNA Targets of Cellular miRNAs

Published on: June 12, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Developmental Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNA molecules with diverse biological roles.
  • They are involved in fundamental processes like cellular proliferation, differentiation, and neuronal functions.
  • Recent research highlights their significance in gene network regulation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the history and paradigm shift of small non-coding RNAs in molecular biology.
  • To introduce the role of miRNAs in establishing developmental complexity in animals.
  • To discuss recent discoveries in miRNA biogenesis, function, and gene network regulation.

Main Methods:

  • Review of historical scientific literature.
  • Discussion of fundamental mechanisms of miRNA biogenesis and function.
  • Analysis of recent discoveries and emerging complexities in miRNA research.

Main Results:

  • miRNAs play a critical role in various biological processes, from development to complex neuronal functions.
  • Their function is intricately linked to gene network behavior in both developmental and pathophysiological contexts.
  • Cellular context significantly influences miRNA function and target gene regulation.

Conclusions:

  • Experimental designs must consider context-specific factors to accurately determine miRNA-regulated genes.
  • Understanding the timing, location, and mechanism of miRNA action is essential for elucidating their true biological function.
  • miRNAs represent a complex regulatory layer in gene expression with profound implications for biology and medicine.