Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 14, 2026
04:09
Minimal Invasive Resection of Large Retrosternal Thyroid Goiter
Published on: September 20, 2024
Ectopic cervical thymoma accompanied by Good's syndrome
Akihiro Nagoya1, Ryu Kanzaki, Tomoyuki Nakagiri
1Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Osaka University Grad uate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.
Summary
Ectopic cervical thymoma (ECT), a rare neck tumor, was correctly diagnosed in a patient with Good's syndrome (GS). This case highlights the importance of considering rare diagnoses in atypical presentations.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Immunology
Background:
- Ectopic cervical thymoma (ECT) is a rare condition often misdiagnosed as other neck malignancies.
- Good's syndrome (GS) is a rare primary immunodeficiency characterized by hypogammaglobulinemia.
Observation:
- A 34-year-old male presented with a neck mass, initially misdiagnosed as lymphoma despite biopsy.
- The patient exhibited hypogammaglobulinemia, a key indicator of Good's syndrome.
Findings:
- The correct diagnosis was ectopic cervical thymoma (type AB, Masaoka stage I) associated with Good's syndrome.
- This represents the first reported case of this specific combination.
Implications:
- Highlights the diagnostic challenges of ectopic cervical thymoma.
- Emphasizes the importance of recognizing Good's syndrome in patients with hypogammaglobulinemia and neck masses.
- Suggests a need for increased awareness of rare thymoma presentations and their associated conditions.
Related Concept Videos
01:27Goiter
Goiter refers to an abnormal enlargement of the thyroid gland that may appear as a diffuse goiter (uniform enlargement) or nodular (single or multiple nodules). Functionally, it is classified as nontoxic (normal/low hormone levels) or toxic (excess hormone production).PathophysiologyDiffuse thyroid enlargement typically results from prolonged stimulation by thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) or TSH-like agents, commonly seen in hypothyroidism or iodine deficiency. In contrast, in hyperthyroid...
01:24Graves Disease II: Pathophysiology
Graves’ disease is an autoimmune disorder characterized by the production of thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSI) that activate TSH receptors, leading to excessive synthesis and release of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) and resulting in hyperthyroidism.Among all causes of hyperthyroidism, Graves’ disease is the most common and can happen at any age, though it is more frequent in women. It produces a hypermetabolic state with features such as weight loss, tachycardia, tremor, and heat...
01:28Graves' Disease I: Introduction
Graves' disease is an autoimmune disorder that causes hyperthyroidism, or overactivity of the thyroid gland. It results from autoantibodies called thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSIs), which bind to thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) receptors, leading to overstimulation of hormone production and a hypermetabolic state.EtiologyAlthough considered idiopathic, Graves’ disease has well-established contributing factors. There is a strong genetic component, with increased prevalence in...
01:27Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology
Hyperthyroidism is a hypermetabolic state caused by elevated levels of thyroid hormones, triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). It results from dysregulation at the thyroid, pituitary, or immune system level and affects multiple organ systems.PathophysiologyThe most common cause of hyperthyroidism is Graves’ disease, an autoimmune disorder in which antibodies, specifically thyroid-stimulating antibodies (TSAb), a subtype of TSH receptor antibodies (TRAb), bind to and activate TSH receptors...
01:25Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction
Hyperthyroidism is a type of thyrotoxicosis characterized by the thyroid gland's overproduction of the thyroid hormones triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). This hormone excess increases the basal metabolic rate and enhances sensitivity to catecholamines.DiagnosisDiagnosis is based on clinical features and biochemical testing. It typically shows suppressed thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels below 0.4 mIU/L, with elevated free T3 and/or T4. Additional tests, including thyroid...
01:23The Thyroid Gland
The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck and covers the anterior surface of the trachea. The gland has two lateral lobes connected by a thin tissue mass called the isthmus. Internally, each lobe comprises many small spherical structures known as thyroid follicles, surrounded by a network of blood vessels.
The follicles have a central cavity lined by simple cuboidal to squamous epithelial cells called follicular cells. These cells produce the glycoprotein...
The follicles have a central cavity lined by simple cuboidal to squamous epithelial cells called follicular cells. These cells produce the glycoprotein...