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Related Concept Videos

Master Transcription Regulators02:23

Master Transcription Regulators

Master transcription regulators are regulatory proteins that are predominantly responsible for regulating the expression of multiple genes. Often these genes work in concert to drive a  complex process. Activation of a master transcription regulator can lead to a cascade of transcriptional activation necessary for that outcome. These regulators can directly bind to the regulatory sequences of the various genes involved, or they can indirectly regulate transcription by binding to regulatory...
General Transcription Factors01:30

General Transcription Factors

Tissue-specific transcription factors contribute to diverse cellular functions in mammals. For example, the gene for beta globin, a major component of hemoglobin, is present in all cells of the body. However, it is only expressed in red blood cells because the transcription factors that can bind to the promoter sequences of the beta globin gene are only expressed in these cells. Tissue-specific transcription factors also ensure that mutations in these factors may impair only the function of...
Regulation of Angiogenesis and Blood Supply01:24

Regulation of Angiogenesis and Blood Supply

Rapidly dividing tumors, embryos, and wounded tissues require more oxygen than usual, lowering the oxygen concentration in the blood. At low oxygen or hypoxic conditions, an oxygen-sensitive transcription factor called the hypoxia-inducible factor 1 or HIF1 is activated. HIF1 is a dimeric protein of alpha (ɑ) and beta (β) subunits.  Under optimal oxygen conditions, HIF1β is present in the nucleus while HIF1ɑ remains in the cytosol. HIF1ɑ is hydroxylated by prolyl hydroxylase and factor...
Pleiotropy01:33

Pleiotropy

Pleiotropy is the phenomenon in which a single gene impacts multiple, seemingly unrelated phenotypic traits. For example, defects in the SOX10 gene cause Waardenburg Syndrome Type 4, or WS4, which can cause defects in pigmentation, hearing impairments, and an absence of intestinal contractions necessary for elimination. This diversity of phenotypes results from the expression pattern of SOX10 in early embryonic and fetal development. SOX10 is found in neural crest cells that form melanocytes,...
Transcription Factors02:16

Transcription Factors

Tissue-specific transcription factors contribute to diverse cellular functions in mammals. For example, the gene for beta globin, a major component of hemoglobin, is present in all cells of the body. However, it is only expressed in red blood cells because the transcription factors that can bind to the promoter sequences of the beta globin gene are only expressed in these cells. Tissue-specific transcription factors also ensure that mutations in these factors may impair only the function of...
Combinatorial Gene Control02:33

Combinatorial Gene Control

Combinatorial gene control is the synergistic action of several transcriptional factors to regulate the expression of a single gene. The absence of one or more of these factors may lead to a significant difference in the level of gene expression or repression.
The expression of more than 30,000 genes is controlled by approximately 2000-3000 transcription factors. This is possible because a single transcription factor can recognize more than one regulatory sequence. The specificity in gene...

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Updated: May 14, 2026

Identification of OTX1 and OTX2 As Two Possible Molecular Markers for Sinonasal Carcinomas and Olfactory Neuroblastomas
07:00

Identification of OTX1 and OTX2 As Two Possible Molecular Markers for Sinonasal Carcinomas and Olfactory Neuroblastomas

Published on: February 28, 2019

The transcription factor Otx2 regulates choroid plexus development and function.

Pia A Johansson1, Martin Irmler, Dario Acampora

  • 1Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute for Stem Cell Research, Neuherberg, 85764 Munich, Germany.

Development (Cambridge, England)
|February 1, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The transcription factor Otx2 is essential for choroid plexus (ChP) development and maintenance. Otx2 regulates cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) composition, impacting signaling molecules crucial for brain development.

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Last Updated: May 14, 2026

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Identifying Transcription Factor Olig2 Genomic Binding Sites in Acutely Purified PDGFR&#945;+ Cells by Low-cell Chromatin Immunoprecipitation Sequencing Analysis
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Identifying Transcription Factor Olig2 Genomic Binding Sites in Acutely Purified PDGFRα+ Cells by Low-cell Chromatin Immunoprecipitation Sequencing Analysis

Published on: April 16, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Biology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Choroid plexuses (ChPs) regulate cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) composition, influencing signaling molecules in the developing brain.
  • Regulators of ChP development and their differentiation from neuroepithelial cells are not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of the transcription factor Otx2 in the development and maintenance of ChP cells.
  • To understand Otx2's function in regulating CSF composition and its impact on brain development.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized Otx2-CreERT2 and Gdf7-Cre driver lines in mice to delete Otx2 at different developmental stages (E9 and E15).
  • Analyzed ChP development, cell apoptosis, and CSF protein content.
  • Assessed proliferation and Wnt signaling in the cerebral cortex.

Main Results:

  • Otx2 deletion at E9 resulted in a complete absence of ChPs.
  • Otx2 deletion using Gdf7-Cre primarily affected the hindbrain ChP, increasing apoptosis and reducing its size.
  • Otx2 is crucial for maintaining hindbrain ChP cells even at later stages (E15).
  • Altered CSF protein content, including Wnt4 and Tgm2, was observed upon Otx2 deletion.
  • Increased proliferation and Wnt signaling in the cerebral cortex suggest hindbrain ChP's role in regulating CSF signaling molecules.

Conclusions:

  • Otx2 is a master regulator of ChP development and maintenance.
  • Otx2-dependent regulation of CSF composition influences signaling pathways in the developing brain.