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Canonical Wnt Signaling Pathway

Canonical Wnt Signaling Pathway

The gene encoding the main signaling molecules of the Wnt signaling pathways (the Wnt proteins) was discovered almost four decades ago by Nüsslein-Volhard and Wieschaus. They identified and originally named the gene "wingless" (wg) after a phenotype discovered during their landmark genetic screen in Drosophila for body pattern defects. At around the same time, another researcher named Harold Varmus found that a murine tumor virus activates the mammalian wg homolog, Int-1, which results in tumor...

Canonical Wnt Signaling Pathway

Canonical Wnt Signaling Pathway

The gene encoding the main signaling molecules of the Wnt signaling pathways (the Wnt proteins) was discovered almost four decades ago by Nüsslein-Volhard and Wieschaus. They identified and originally named the gene "wingless" (wg) after a phenotype discovered during their landmark genetic screen in Drosophila for body pattern defects. At around the same time, another researcher named Harold Varmus found that a murine tumor virus activates the mammalian wg homolog, Int-1, which results in tumor...

Non-Canonical Wnt Signaling Pathways

Non-Canonical Wnt Signaling Pathways

Wnt is a zygotic effect gene that is expressed during very early embryonic development. It regulates various processes in animals starting from early development through the adult stage, such as organogenesis in the embryo and maintenance of neuronal and blood stem cells. Wnt proteins can induce a wide variety of intracellular pathways depending upon the specific abilities of different Wnt ligands to form a complex with shared and cognate receptors in the presence of different co-receptors. The...

Non-Canonical Wnt Signaling Pathways

Non-Canonical Wnt Signaling Pathways

Wnt is a zygotic effect gene that is expressed during very early embryonic development. It regulates various processes in animals starting from early development through the adult stage, such as organogenesis in the embryo and maintenance of neuronal and blood stem cells. Wnt proteins can induce a wide variety of intracellular pathways depending upon the specific abilities of different Wnt ligands to form a complex with shared and cognate receptors in the presence of different co-receptors. The...

Catenins

Catenins

Catenins are characterized by multiple binding domains and dynamic structures that allow them to function as linker proteins in cell junction complexes. All catenins, except α-catenin, contain a characteristic protein sequence called the armadillo repeat and are therefore also called armadillo proteins.
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Catenins bind to cell adhesion molecules such as cadherins and link them to different cytoskeletal proteins depending on the type of cell junction. At the adherens...

Role of Ephrin-Eph Signalling in Intestinal Stem Cell Renewal

Role of Ephrin-Eph Signalling in Intestinal Stem Cell Renewal

Erythropoietin-producing hepatocellular carcinoma receptor (Eph) and its ligand, Eph receptor-interacting protein (Ephrin) were first discovered in the human carcinoma cell line, hence the name. Ephrin-Eph interaction guides cells to reach their appropriate location in adult tissues. They also play an essential role in the immune system by helping in immune cell migration, adhesion, and activation. Based on their structure and function, Eph is divided into two classes — EphA and EphB.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 14, 2026

Reconstitution Of β-catenin Degradation In Xenopus Egg Extract

Reconstitution Of β-catenin Degradation In Xenopus Egg Extract

Published on: June 17, 2014

Eaf1 and Eaf2 negatively regulate canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling.

Jing-Xia Liu¹, Dawei Zhang, Xunwei Xie

¹Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Conservation of Aquatic Organisms, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, PR China.

Development (Cambridge, England)

|February 1, 2013

Summary

Eaf1 and Eaf2 proteins inhibit Wnt/β-catenin signaling, impacting embryonic development and tumor suppression. This study reveals their novel mechanism by binding to β-catenin and its associated proteins.

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Last Updated: May 14, 2026

Reconstitution Of β-catenin Degradation In Xenopus Egg Extract

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Published on: June 17, 2014

The Soft Agar Colony Formation Assay

The Soft Agar Colony Formation Assay

Published on: October 27, 2014

Area of Science:

Developmental Biology
Molecular Biology
Cancer Research

Background:

Eaf factors are critical for tumor suppression and embryogenesis.
The precise molecular mechanisms underlying Eaf factor functions remain largely unexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

To elucidate the mechanism by which Eaf1 and Eaf2 regulate biological processes.
To investigate the interaction of Eaf factors with the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.

Main Methods:

Loss- and gain-of-function assays in zebrafish using morpholino and mRNA injections.
Reporter assays in embryos and cultured cells.
Immunoprecipitation to identify protein interactions.
Analysis of Eaf1 and Eaf2 functional domains.

Main Results:

Eaf1 and Eaf2 were found to inhibit Wnt/β-catenin signaling, affecting mesodermal and neural patterning.
Ectopic expression of Eaf1 and Eaf2 blocked β-catenin reporter activity.
Eaf1 and Eaf2 directly bind to β-catenin and associated transcription complex proteins (c-Jun, Tcf, Axin).
Both N- and C-termini of Eaf1 and Eaf2 are essential for their suppressive activity.

Conclusions:

Eaf1 and Eaf2 novelly inhibit canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling.
This inhibition mechanism may underlie the tumor suppressor roles of Eaf1 and Eaf2.
Eaf family proteins exhibit conserved biological activities across species.