Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 14, 2026

One-pot Microwave-assisted Conversion of Anomeric Nitrate-esters to Trichloroacetimidates
Published on: January 15, 2018
Entry point into new trimeric and tetrameric imide-based macrocyclic esters derived from isophthaloyl dichloride and
Pavle Mocilac1, John F Gallagher
1School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland.
Abstract:
The one-step reaction of isophthaloyl dichloride with the 2-aminopyridine derivative (methyl 6-aminonicotinate) yields (i) a trimer-based macrocycle (EsIO)(3) and (ii) a tetramer-based macrocycle (EsIO)(4) in modest isolated synthetic yields (total of 25%), together with (iii) longer open-chain oligomers. The macrocyclization relies on the semi-flexible imide hinge formed by reaction of the 2-amino(pyridine) functional group with two acyl chloride functional groups. The determining factors in macrocycle synthesis are: (a) imide formation using the heteroaromatic ortho-N functionality; (b) the inherent ability of the imide to twist by 85-115° from planarity (as measured by the CO···CO imide torsion angles), thereby providing a hinge for macrocyclic ring closure or potentially (non)helical assembly in oligomer/polymer formation; (c) the conformational flexibility of the isophthaloyl group with meta-related carbonyl groups to twist and adopt either syn or anti conformations, although the syn conformation is observed structurally for all isophthaloyl groups in both (EsIO)(3) (trezimide) and (EsIO)(4) (tennimide) macrocycles.
More Related Videos
11:04Preparation of Enantiopure Non-Activated Aziridines and Synthesis of Biemamide B, D, and epiallo-Isomuscarine
Published on: June 13, 2022
10:42Preparation of N-(2-alkoxyvinyl)sulfonamides from N-tosyl-1,2,3-triazoles and Subsequent Conversion to Substituted Phthalans and Phenethylamines
Published on: January 3, 2018
Related Concept Videos
Alkylation of β-Diester Enolates: Malonic Ester Synthesis
Preparation of Amides
The DCC-promoted synthesis of amides begins with the protonation of DCC by carboxylic acid. The protonation makes it a better acceptor. Next, the addition of carboxylate to the protonated carbodiimide gives a reactive acylating agent.
Subsequently, the amine acts as a nucleophile that attacks the acylating agent to form a tetrahedral intermediate. In the...
Intramolecular Claisen Condensation of Dicarboxylic Esters: Dieckmann Cyclization
Aldehydes and Ketones with Amines: Imine and Enamine Formation Overview
Aldehydes and Ketones with Amines: Imine Formation Mechanism
Imines are formed under mildly acidic conditions. A pH of 4.5 is ideal for the reaction.
If the pH is low or the solution is too acidic, the reaction slows down in the...
Amines to Amides: Acylation of Amines
Next, the second equivalent of amine serves as a Brønsted base and deprotonates the quaternary amide...