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Related Concept Videos

Phase Diagram01:24

Phase Diagram

A phase diagram is a graphical representation of the physical states of a substance under different conditions of temperature and pressure. It shows the boundaries between solid, liquid, and gas phases and the conditions at which these phases coexist in equilibrium. An area in a phase diagram represents a single phase, whereas lines or phase boundaries represent the equilibrium between two phases.In the phase diagram of water, the boundary line between the solid and liquid states illustrates...
Phase Diagram01:19

Phase Diagram

The phase of a given substance depends on the pressure and temperature. Thus, plots of pressure versus temperature showing the phase in each region provide considerable insights into the thermal properties of substances. Such plots are known as phase diagrams. For instance, in the phase diagram for water (Figure 1), the solid curve boundaries between the phases indicate phase transitions (i.e., temperatures and pressures at which the phases coexist).
Phase Diagrams02:39

Phase Diagrams

A phase diagram combines plots of pressure versus temperature for the liquid-gas, solid-liquid, and solid-gas phase-transition equilibria of a substance. These diagrams indicate the physical states that exist under specific conditions of pressure and temperature and also provide the pressure dependence of the phase-transition temperatures (melting points, sublimation points, boiling points). Regions or areas labeled solid, liquid, and gas represent single phases, while lines or curves represent...
Phase Diagrams of Ternary Systems01:28

Phase Diagrams of Ternary Systems

Consider a ternary system, which is composed of three components: water (W), ethanoic acid (E), and trichloromethane (T). Here, Ethanoic acid (E) is fully miscible with both water (W) and trichloromethane (T), meaning it can mix entirely with either of them. However, water and trichloromethane have partial miscibility, meaning they can only mix to a certain extent, beyond which two separate phases will form.The phase diagram of a ternary system is represented as an equilateral triangle, where...
Theories of Dissolution: The Danckwerts' Model and Interfacial Barrier Model01:09

Theories of Dissolution: The Danckwerts' Model and Interfacial Barrier Model

Various dissolution theories provide insight into the factors that influence the dissolution rate. Danckwerts' Model suggests that turbulence, rather than a stagnant layer, characterizes the dissolution medium at the solid-liquid interface. In this model, the agitated solvent contains macroscopic packets that move to the interface via eddy currents, facilitating the absorption and delivery of the drug to the bulk solution. The regular replenishment of solvent packets maintains the concentration...
Phase Transitions: Sublimation and Deposition02:33

Phase Transitions: Sublimation and Deposition

Some solids can transition directly into the gaseous state, bypassing the liquid state, via a process known as sublimation. At room temperature and standard pressure, a piece of dry ice (solid CO2) sublimes, appearing to gradually disappear without ever forming any liquid. Snow and ice sublimate at temperatures below the melting point of water, a slow process that may be accelerated by winds and the reduced atmospheric pressures at high altitudes. When solid iodine is warmed, the solid sublimes...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 14, 2026

Orientational Transition in a Liquid Crystal Triggered by the Thermodynamic Growth of Interfacial Wetting Sheets
06:26

Orientational Transition in a Liquid Crystal Triggered by the Thermodynamic Growth of Interfacial Wetting Sheets

Published on: May 15, 2017

Universal phase diagram for wetting on mesoscale roughness.

S Herminghaus1

  • 1Max-Planck-Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization, Am Fassberg 17, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.

Physical Review Letters
|February 2, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Researchers discovered a universal phenomenon in wetting properties: a sudden jump in adsorbed liquid volume on rough surfaces. This abrupt filling transition occurs at a specific line, offering new insights into liquid-solid interactions and surface science.

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Last Updated: May 14, 2026

Orientational Transition in a Liquid Crystal Triggered by the Thermodynamic Growth of Interfacial Wetting Sheets
06:26

Orientational Transition in a Liquid Crystal Triggered by the Thermodynamic Growth of Interfacial Wetting Sheets

Published on: May 15, 2017

Phase Diagram Characterization Using Magnetic Beads as Liquid Carriers
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Phase Diagram Characterization Using Magnetic Beads as Liquid Carriers

Published on: September 4, 2015

Light-induced Patterning and Grafting for Slippery Surfaces based on Silane-coated Nanoporous Structures
07:23

Light-induced Patterning and Grafting for Slippery Surfaces based on Silane-coated Nanoporous Structures

Published on: November 14, 2025

Area of Science:

  • Surface Science and Physical Chemistry
  • Materials Science and Engineering

Background:

  • Understanding liquid-solid interactions is crucial for various applications, including coatings, microfluidics, and biomaterials.
  • The wetting behavior of liquids on rough surfaces is complex, influenced by surface topography and liquid properties.
  • Previous studies have explored wetting transitions, such as Wenzel's angle, but a universal abrupt filling phenomenon remained elusive.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the wetting properties of solid substrates with mesoscale random roughness.
  • To identify and characterize universal transitions in adsorbed liquid volume as a function of microscopic contact angle and partial pressure.
  • To determine if an abrupt filling transition is a general phenomenon on randomly rough surfaces.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical analysis of wetting phenomena on surfaces with homogeneous, isotropic random roughness.
  • Consideration of mesoscale roughness, bridging the gap between molecular and macroscopic scales.
  • Mathematical derivation to determine the conditions and location of observed transitions.

Main Results:

  • A transition line, in addition to the Wenzel's angle transition, was identified, characterized by a jump in adsorbed liquid volume.
  • This abrupt filling transition is shown to be a universal phenomenon on surfaces with homogeneous, isotropic random roughness.
  • The location of this universal transition can be analytically calculated under specific, mild conditions.

Conclusions:

  • The study reveals a previously unrecognized universal abrupt filling transition in the wetting of randomly rough surfaces.
  • This finding has significant implications for predicting and controlling liquid adsorption and behavior on textured materials.
  • The ability to analytically calculate the transition's location provides a valuable tool for material design and process optimization.