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Related Concept Videos

Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)01:20

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Two NMR-active nuclei bonded to a central atom can be involved in geminal or two-bond coupling. Geminal coupling is commonly seen between diastereotopic protons in chiral molecules and unsymmetrical alkenes, among others.
The central atom need not be NMR-active because its electrons are affected by the electron polarization of the spin-active atoms. However, spin information is transmitted less effectively than in one-bond coupling, and 2J values are usually weaker than 1J values. The energy of...
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The spin state of an NMR-active nucleus can have a slight effect on its immediate electronic environment. This effect propagates through the intervening bonds and affects the electronic environments of NMR-active nuclei up to three bonds away; occasionally, even farther. This phenomenon is called spin–spin coupling or J-coupling. Coupling interactions are mutual and result in small changes in the absorption frequencies of both nuclei involved. While nuclei of the same element are involved in...
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Experimental Methods for Spin- and Angle-Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy Combined with Polarization-Variable Laser
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Onsager relations in a two-dimensional electron gas with spin-orbit coupling.

C Gorini1, R Raimondi, P Schwab

  • 1Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, UMR 7504, CNRS and Université de Strasbourg, 23 rue du Loess, BP 43, F-67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2, France.

Physical Review Letters
|February 2, 2013
PubMed
Summary

The study reconciles a vanishing spin Hall conductivity with a finite inverse spin Hall effect in a two-dimensional electron gas, demonstrating compatibility with Onsager relations for spin and charge currents.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Spintronics
  • Quantum Mechanics

Background:

  • Theoretical predictions for a two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) with Rashba spin-orbit interaction suggest a vanishing spin Hall conductivity (SHC) alongside a finite inverse spin Hall effect (ISHE).
  • This apparent contradiction challenges conventional understanding of spin transport phenomena.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To reconcile the seemingly contradictory theoretical predictions of vanishing SHC and finite ISHE in a 2DEG with Rashba spin-orbit interaction.
  • To demonstrate the compatibility of these results with the Onsager relations.
  • To clarify the conditions under which a vanishing bulk SHC does not imply a vanishing spin Hall effect.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical analysis based on the Onsager relations.
  • Examination of spin and particle (charge) currents in a 2DEG.
  • Consideration of experimental setup dependencies.
  • Inclusion of extrinsic spin-orbit interaction from impurities.

Main Results:

  • The Onsager relations are shown to hold for spin and charge currents in the 2DEG, even with a vanishing bulk SHC.
  • The form of the Onsager relations is dependent on the specific experimental setup.
  • A vanishing bulk SHC does not necessarily preclude a finite spin Hall effect.
  • Extrinsic spin-orbit interaction from impurities can lead to a non-zero bulk SHC.

Conclusions:

  • The apparent contradiction between vanishing SHC and finite ISHE is resolved through a nuanced application of the Onsager relations.
  • The findings highlight the importance of experimental configurations in interpreting spin transport phenomena.
  • The study provides a theoretical framework for understanding spin Hall effects in systems with varying spin-orbit interactions.