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Related Concept Videos

In Vitro Drug Dissolution: Compendial Testing Models I01:13

In Vitro Drug Dissolution: Compendial Testing Models I

Compendial dissolution methods are standardized procedures defined by pharmacopeias to evaluate the rate at which a drug dissolves in a specific medium. These methods ensure batch-to-batch consistency, enable quality control, and support the prediction of drug bioavailability. They are critical for both immediate and modified-release drug products.The apparatuses used for dissolution testing differ in their design and mechanical function, but all aim to simulate the physiological environment of...
In Vitro Drug Dissolution: Compendial Testing Models II01:09

In Vitro Drug Dissolution: Compendial Testing Models II

Various dissolution methods are utilized to assess a drug’s dissolution rate, including the flow-through cell, paddle-over-disk, cylinder, and reciprocating disk methods.The flow-through cell apparatus (USP (United States Pharmacopeia) method 4) comprises a reservoir for the dissolution medium and a pump that propels the medium through the cell containing the test sample. This method is crucial for assessing modified-release dosage forms with minimally soluble active ingredients, maintaining...
In Vitro Drug Dissolution: Alternative Methods01:17

In Vitro Drug Dissolution: Alternative Methods

Alternative drug dissolution methods include the rotating bottle, intrinsic dissolution test, peristalsis, and the Franz diffusion cell method. The rotating bottle method involves meticulously rotating tightly capped controlled-release beads in a temperature-controlled bath. Periodic decanting of samples allows for residue assay, followed by refilling with fresh medium and testing at various pH levels to emulate the gastrointestinal tract conditions.In contrast, the intrinsic dissolution test...
Drug Dissolution: Requirements and Profile Comparison01:14

Drug Dissolution: Requirements and Profile Comparison

The acceptance criteria for dissolution profile data are anchored in Q values, representing the percentage of drug dissolved within a specified period. This assessment unfolds in three stages:First Stage: The test passes if all six drug dosage units are equal to or greater than Q plus 5%; otherwise, the sample proceeds to the second stage.Second Stage: The average of twelve units must be equal to or greater than Q, with no unit falling below Q - 15% to pass; if not, it progresses to the final...
Factors Affecting Dissolution: Polymorphism, Amorphism and Pseudopolymorphism01:21

Factors Affecting Dissolution: Polymorphism, Amorphism and Pseudopolymorphism

Polymorphism refers to the existence of a drug substance in multiple crystalline forms, known as polymorphs. Recently, this term has been expanded to include solvates (forms containing a solvent), amorphous forms (non-crystalline forms), and desolvated solvates (forms from which the solvent has been removed).
Some polymorphic crystals possess lower aqueous solubility than their amorphous counterparts, leading to incomplete absorption. For instance, the oral suspension of Chloramphenicol, which...
Theories of Dissolution: Diffusion Layer Model01:15

Theories of Dissolution: Diffusion Layer Model

Dissolution, the process by which drug particles dissolve in a solvent, is explained by the diffusion layer model, a theoretical framework that simulates the absorption of oral drugs and allows us to analyze experimental data.
This process starts with a thin layer, saturated with the drug, forming at the interface between the solid and liquid. The solute then diffuses from this layer into the main solution. The Noyes-Whitney equation suggests that the rate of dissolution relies on the diffusion...

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A Package of Established Analytical Tools to Investigate the Solid-State Alteration of Lipid-Based Excipients
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Dissolution testing of amorphous solid dispersions.

K Kogermann1, A Penkina, K Predbannikova

  • 1Department of Pharmacy, University of Tartu, Nooruse 1, Tartu, Estonia. kkogermann@gmail.com

International Journal of Pharmaceutics
|February 2, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Polymer molecular weight significantly impacts piroxicam (PRX) solubility in amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs). This study reveals differences in dissolution and bioavailability compared to spray-dried ASDs, likely due to distinct diffusion layers.

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09:59

Coherent anti-Stokes Raman Scattering (CARS) Microscopy Visualizes Pharmaceutical Tablets During Dissolution

Published on: July 4, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Pharmaceutical Sciences
  • Materials Science
  • Drug Delivery Systems

Background:

  • Amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) enhance the solubility and bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs.
  • Piroxicam (PRX) is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug often formulated as ASDs.
  • Polymer selection and properties are critical for ASD stability and performance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the influence of polymer physicochemical properties and molecular weight on co-milled piroxicam (PRX) ASDs.
  • To evaluate the stability and dissolution behavior of PRX ASDs in different media and volumes.
  • To correlate dissolution findings with dose-dependent bioavailability.

Main Methods:

  • Co-milling of piroxicam with various polymers to form amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs).
  • In-line Raman spectroscopy to monitor solid-state changes in biorelevant media.
  • Dissolution testing using both conventional (900ml) and small-volume (20ml) methods.
  • Determination of experimental saturation concentrations to assess dose-related bioavailability.

Main Results:

  • Polymers significantly improved the stability of amorphous piroxicam (aPRX) in ASDs.
  • Solvent-mediated solid-state changes were observed, with variations between different ASDs.
  • Polymer molecular weight (PVP90 vs. PVP25) influenced PRX solubility from ASDs, differing from previous spray-drying studies.
  • Dissolution and bioavailability studies confirmed the impact of polymer molecular weight, attributed to differences in diffusion layers.

Conclusions:

  • Co-milling is an effective method for preparing stable amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) of piroxicam (PRX).
  • Polymer molecular weight plays a crucial role in modulating the dissolution and bioavailability of PRX from ASDs.
  • The formation of distinct diffusion layers around ASD particles is a key factor influencing drug release and performance.