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Updated: May 14, 2026

Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy (DISE) with Target Controlled Infusion (TCI) and Bispectral Analysis in Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Published on: December 6, 2016
Angiotensin-converting enzyme gene polymorphism in north Indian population with obstructive sleep apnea
H K Mishra1, S K Sharma, V Sreenivas
1Department of Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India.
Background:
A deletion of 287-bp Alu repeat of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) insertion/deletion (I/D) gene is associated with hypertension.
Purpose:
The aim of this study is to determine the frequency of ACE (I/D) polymorphism in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).
Methods:
Genotyping of ACE (I/D) gene polymorphism and estimation of serum angiotensin-converting enzyme (SACE) activity were done in 813 subjects who underwent polysomnography. Of these, 395 were apneics and 418 were non-apneics.
Results:
The frequencies of II genotype (OR = 1.8, 95 % CI 1.26-2.60, p = 0.001) and I allele (OR = 1.4, 95 % CI 1.13-1.69, p = 0.001) of ACE gene were found to be significantly increased in patients with OSA as compared to patients without OSA. Frequency of II genotype was significantly decreased (OR = 0.46, 95 % CI 0.28-0.77, p = 0.003) in OSA patients with hypertension. In contrast, the frequencies of ID (OR = 1.80, 95 % CI 1.08-2.99, p = 0.024) and DD genotypes (OR = 2.15, 95 % CI 1.30-3.57, p = 0.003) were significantly increased in this group. The activity of SACE was significantly decreased in the apneic group as compared to the non-apneic group (OR = 0.99, 95 % CI 0.98-1.00, p = 0.04).
Conclusions:
The findings suggest that II genotype confers susceptibility towards development of OSA whereas DD genotype confers susceptibility towards hypertension irrespective of OSA.
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