Cadaver middle ears as models for living ears: comparisons of middle ear input immittance

In vitro measurements of the middle ear input immittance in temporal bones extracted from human cadavers were directly compared with similar in vivo measurements from clinically normal subjects. The results of this comparison indicate that most otoscopically normal unfixed cadaver ears have middle ear input immittances that are indistinguishable from those of live subjects in the 0.1- to 2-kHz range--as long as they have been kept from drying and the static pressures on either side of the tympanic membrane are equal. The effects of the middle ear muscles on the measured input immittance are generally small and the cadaver ears can be maintained in the frozen state for several months with little change. Tympanometry appears to be a reliable indicator of normal middle ear immittance. Cadaver middle ears are useful models of human middle ear function.