Assisted reproductive technologies and perinatal morbidity: interrogating the association

Area of Science:

• Reproductive Medicine
• Perinatal Epidemiology
• Clinical Obstetrics

Background:

• Investigating the complex association between assisted reproductive technologies (ART) and perinatal outcomes is critical for understanding potential risks.
• This series introduces a review of the potential association, focusing on the etiology of risk and modifiable aspects of in vitro fertilization (IVF) to mitigate adverse outcomes.

Discussion:

• Perinatal consequences of ART are evident, including increased risks of preterm delivery, low birth weight, and preeclampsia, despite the majority of ART-conceived children being healthy.
• Bias and confounding factors must be considered when evaluating statistically significant associations between ART and perinatal health.
• The iatrogenic risk attributed to multiple births resulting from ART necessitates strategies for minimization.

Key Insights:

• Pregnancy following IVF is associated with altered risks for preterm delivery, low birth weight, and preeclampsia.
• While most ART-conceived children are healthy, specific perinatal complications warrant attention and further research.
• Optimizing the conception environment may positively influence gestation and child health outcomes.

Outlook:

• Long-term clinical implications of ART, including childhood development and metabolism, remain to be established through ongoing studies.
• Continued research is essential to fully understand and address the health implications of ART for both mothers and children.
• Further investigation into modifying IVF protocols and optimizing conception environments is needed to reduce perinatal risks.