Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 11, 2026

A Method of Trigonometric Modelling of Seasonal Variation Demonstrated with Multiple Sclerosis Relapse Data
Published on: December 9, 2015
Vitamin D: effects on childhood health and disease
Steven A Abrams1, Jorge A Coss-Bu, Dov Tiosano
1United States Department of Agriculture/Agriculture Research Service, Children's Nutrition Research Center Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, TX 77030, USA. sabrams@bcm.edu
Abstract:
Vitamin D is a key nutrient for both healthy children and those with chronic illnesses. Understanding its roles in health and disease has become one of the most important issues in the nutritional management of children. Formal guidelines related to nutrient requirements for vitamin D in healthy children, recommending dietary intakes of 400 IU per day for infants and 600 IU per day for children over 1 year of age, were released by the Institute of Medicine in November 2010. However, application of these guidelines to children with acute and chronic illnesses is less clear. In this Review, we consider major illness categories and specific examples of conditions in children that might be affected by vitamin D. This information can be used in developing both model systems of investigation and clinical trials of vitamin D in children with acute and chronic illnesses.
Related Concept Videos
Connective Tissue Cell Types
Fat cells (adipocytes), smooth muscle cells (myoblasts), and bone cells (osteoblasts) are some connective tissue cell types. Some immune system cells...
Role of Skin in Vitamin D Synthesis
The solar UV B rays (290-315 nm) are absorbed by the skin, and 7-dehydrocholesterol (provitamin D3) photolyzes it to previtamin D3, which undergoes a rapid transformation to vitamin D3(cholecalciferol).
Bone Disorders
Bone deposition is also affected by the levels of sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone that promote osteoblast activity and bone matrix synthesis. When the level of these hormones decreases due to aging, it causes a reduction in bone deposition. As a result, bone resorption by osteoclasts...
Role of Vitamins in Maintaining Bone Health
Vitamin A
Vitamin A is involved in the process of bone remodeling. Retinoic acid, the active metabolite of Vitamin A, has nuclear receptors in osteoblasts and osteoclasts, which are involved in bone remodeling.
Vitamin B12
Vitamin B12 acts as a cofactor during the formation of osteoblast-related proteins, such as osteocalcin. Vitamin B12 plays a role...
Vitamins
Multiple Sclerosis l: Introduction

