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Related Concept Videos

Mutations01:35

Mutations

Mutations are changes in the sequence of DNA. These changes can occur spontaneously or they can be induced by exposure to environmental factors. Mutations can be characterized in a number of different ways: whether and how they alter the amino acid sequence of the protein, whether they occur over a small or large area of DNA, and whether they occur in somatic cells or germline cells.
Chromosomal Alterations Are Large-Scale Mutations
While point mutations are changes in a single nucleotide in...
Skin Cancer01:30

Skin Cancer

Skin cancer is a type of cancer that occurs when there is an abnormal growth of skin cells, usually triggered by damage to the DNA within the skin cells. It is primarily caused by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or artificial sources like tanning beds. Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer worldwide, and its incidence continues to rise.
Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC): BCC is the most common type of skin cancer, accounting for about 80% of cases. It typically develops in...
Role of Skin in Vitamin D Synthesis01:23

Role of Skin in Vitamin D Synthesis

The skin plays a crucial role in the synthesis of vitamin D, a vital nutrient for various physiological processes in the body. Vitamin D is unique because it can be synthesized in the skin through a series of chemical reactions triggered by exposure to ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation from sunlight.
The solar UV B rays (290-315 nm) are absorbed by the skin, and 7-dehydrocholesterol (provitamin D3) photolyzes it to previtamin D3, which undergoes a rapid transformation to vitamin D3(cholecalciferol).
Pigmentation01:19

Pigmentation

The color of the skin is influenced by a number of pigments, including melanin, carotene, and hemoglobin. Recall that melanin is produced by cells called melanocytes, which are found scattered throughout the stratum basale of the epidermis. The melanin is transferred to the keratinocytes via melanosomes.
Melanin occurs in two primary forms: eumelanin that provides black and brown pigment and pheomelanin that provides red color. Dark-skinned individuals produce more melanin than those with pale...
Sight Distance in a Vertical Curve01:29

Sight Distance in a Vertical Curve

Sight distance on vertical curves is critical in roadway design. It ensures drivers can see far enough ahead to identify and respond to hazards effectively. This directly impacts safety, driver comfort, and the overall efficiency of the transportation network.Vertical curves are classified into crest and sag curves based on their geometry. For crest curves, sight distance is determined by the line of sight between a driver's eye and a small object on the road's surface. Design parameters for...
Survey Safety01:28

Survey Safety

Surveying near highways, rough terrain, or power lines involves significant risks. Working along highways is particularly dangerous and requires the use of warning signs and flagmen. It is safest to avoid working directly on roads and use offsets whenever possible. When highway work is unavoidable, it must follow all safety guidelines. Surveyors should wear bright clothing, such as orange reflective vests, to ensure visibility to motorists, coworkers, and hunters. In construction zones, wearing...

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Updated: May 14, 2026

Driving Simulation in the Clinic: Testing Visual Exploratory Behavior in Daily Life Activities in Patients with Visual Field Defects
11:12

Driving Simulation in the Clinic: Testing Visual Exploratory Behavior in Daily Life Activities in Patients with Visual Field Defects

Published on: September 18, 2012

Sunscreen use while driving.

Dennis P Kim1, Indy Chabra, Pawan Chabra

  • 1School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA.

Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology
|February 7, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Patients show poor awareness and compliance with sun protection while driving, despite risks of sun damage. Skin cancer prevention strategies must address automobile sun exposure to improve patient behavior.

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Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Public Health
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Limited data exists on patient perceptions and behaviors regarding sun protection measures specifically while driving.
  • Sun exposure in automobiles can contribute to skin aging and increase skin cancer risk.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate patient awareness, perceptions, and compliance with sun protection while driving.
  • To assess laterality in skin cancer diagnoses in relation to sun exposure during driving.

Main Methods:

  • A retrospective survey was conducted among patients at a Mohs micrographic surgery clinic.
  • Data collected included self-reported behaviors and beliefs about sun protection while driving.

Main Results:

  • Patients reported significantly lower sunscreen use while driving (27%) compared to general daily use (52%).
  • A majority of respondents believed sunscreen was unnecessary while driving, particularly with closed windows.
  • Belief in protection from sun damage in cars correlated with lower sunscreen usage (12% vs. 46%).
  • A left-sided predominance of nonmelanoma skin cancers was observed, with an exception in patients using cars with tinted windows.

Conclusions:

  • Patient awareness and compliance with sun protection measures in automobiles are notably poor.
  • Current skin cancer prevention efforts need adaptation to specifically target risks associated with automobile sun exposure.
  • Further research, potentially including randomized controlled trials, is needed to address study limitations like small sample size and potential biases.