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Related Concept Videos

Allergic Reactions02:06

Allergic Reactions

Overview
Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis01:30

Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis

Anaphylaxis is a severe, life-threatening hypersensitivity reaction mediated by Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies. When IgE binds to allergens, it triggers the release of mediators– histamine, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins from mast cells and basophils. These mediators cause vasodilation, edema, and inflammation, leading to various symptoms.The primary allergens causing anaphylaxis include food items (e.g., peanuts, shellfish), drugs (e.g., penicillin, asparaginase, corticotropin, heparin),...
Hypersensitivities01:30

Hypersensitivities

Hypersensitivity, also known as a hypersensitivity reaction or allergic reaction, is a condition where the body's immune system reacts abnormally to a foreign substance. Such substances, that cause hypersensitivity are referred to as an allergen, could be something typically harmless to most people, like pollen or certain foods.
Types of Hypersensitivities
Hypersensitivity reactions are categorized into four types: Type 1, Type 2, Type 3, and Type 4. Each type has a distinct mechanism...
Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions01:30

Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions

Drug-related allergies are immune-mediated responses triggered by the administration of pharmacological agents. These hypersensitivity reactions are classified based on the immune mechanisms involved. The four primary types—Type I, II, III, and IV—are mediated by different immunological pathways and exhibit distinct clinical manifestations.Type I Hypersensitivity/ IgE-Mediated Reactions: Immunoglobulin E (IgE) immediately mediates Type I hypersensitivity reactions. Upon initial exposure to a...
Allergic Drug Reactions01:27

Allergic Drug Reactions

Allergic reactions related to drugs are hypersensitivity responses driven by the immune system and bear no connection to the drug's therapeutic action. While drugs in isolation do not trigger an immune response, they can interact with endogenous proteins to form antigens. These antigens stimulate lymphocytes to produce antibodies. IgE-type antibodies attach themselves to mast cells. Upon subsequent exposure to the same stimulus, the antigen-antibody interaction is initiated, unleashing numerous...
Hypersensitivity Reactions: Immune-Complex Reactions01:19

Hypersensitivity Reactions: Immune-Complex Reactions

Type III hypersensitivity reactions occur when antigen–antibody complexes form and activate the complement system. Normally, these complexes help the clearance of antigens by phagocytes and red blood cells. However, when large numbers of immune complexes are present, they can deposit in tissues—particularly in the walls of blood vessels—leading to inflammation and tissue injury. These deposits trigger complement activation and neutrophil recruitment, resulting in serum sickness, a systemic...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 14, 2026

Measuring Local Anaphylaxis in Mice
07:49

Measuring Local Anaphylaxis in Mice

Published on: October 14, 2014

[Exercise-induced anaphylaxis].

K Wylon1, S Hompes, M Worm

  • 1Klinik für Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie, Allergie-Centrum-Charité, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin.

Der Hautarzt; Zeitschrift Fur Dermatologie, Venerologie, Und Verwandte Gebiete
|February 7, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Exercise-induced anaphylaxis is a mast cell-dependent reaction triggered by allergens and physical activity. Diagnosis involves a double-blind placebo-controlled provocation test, followed by patient counseling and an epinephrine auto-injector prescription.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Allergology

Context:

  • Exercise-induced anaphylaxis (EIA) is a mast cell-dependent reaction.
  • It occurs when allergen exposure coincides with physical activity, typically within two hours.
  • EIA can be triggered by various allergens, including foods and drugs.

Purpose:

  • To outline the pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and diagnostic workup of exercise-induced anaphylaxis.
  • To emphasize the importance of accurate diagnosis and patient management.

Summary:

  • EIA presents with symptoms similar to other anaphylaxis forms, affecting multiple organ systems.
  • Diagnostic evaluation includes detailed history, allergy testing (skin prick tests, specific IgE), and serum tryptase measurement.
  • The gold standard for diagnosis is a double-blind placebo-controlled food challenge (DBPCFC) with adequate allergen and exercise levels.

Impact:

  • Accurate diagnosis of EIA is crucial for effective patient management.
  • Patients require comprehensive counseling and an emergency kit with an epinephrine auto-injector.
  • Understanding EIA improves clinical practice and patient outcomes in allergic reactions related to exercise.