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Updated: May 14, 2026

A New Approach that Eliminates Handling for Studying Aggression and the "Loser" Effect in Drosophila melanogaster
Published on: December 30, 2015
2D:4D is negatively associated to aggressive dominance in men: a response to Voracek (2013)
Leander van der Meij1, Mercedes Almela, Abraham P Buunk
1Department of Psychology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands. l.van.der.meij@vu.nl
Abstract:
We do not agree with the interpretation and evaluation of our article by Voracek. We feel that our results and our interpretation of the results are supported by our data analyses and do add to the current understanding of the relationship between 2D:4D and personality. We feel confident we can address many, if not all, of Voracek's criticisms. However, we fully agree that 2D:4D research would benefit from more replication and from the use of larger sample sizes.
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