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Traumatic Brain Injury l: Introduction

Traumatic Brain Injury l: Introduction

DefinitionTraumatic brain injury, or TBI, is a disturbance of normal brain function induced by an external mechanical force, such as a direct blow to the head or a penetrating injury. It can affect both brain structure and function, producing a wide range of clinical outcomes. TBI is a heterogeneous condition, meaning its effects may differ based on the type, location, and severity of the injury.Basis of ClassificationTBI is classified based on severity, injury mechanism, or pathophysiology. In...

Cerebral Edema ll: Pathophysiology

Cerebral Edema ll: Pathophysiology

Vasogenic edema is a major form of cerebral edema characterized by abnormal accumulation of fluid in the brain’s extracellular space due to disruption of the blood–brain barrier (BBB). The BBB is a specialized structure composed of endothelial cells connected by tight junctions, supported by astrocytic endfeet and a basement membrane. Under normal conditions, it tightly regulates the movement of ions, proteins, and solutes between the bloodstream and brain parenchyma. When this barrier loses...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 14, 2026

Murine Model of Controlled Cortical Impact for the Induction of Traumatic Brain Injury

Murine Model of Controlled Cortical Impact for the Induction of Traumatic Brain Injury

Published on: August 16, 2019

[A man with severe traumatic brain injury].

Eline A Oudeman¹, Carine O Martins Jarnalo, Willem J R van Ouwerkerk

¹VUmc, Amsterdam, Afd. Neurochirurgie, the Netherlands. e.a.oudeman@gmail.com

Nederlands Tijdschrift Voor Geneeskunde

|February 8, 2013

Summary

A severe traumatic brain injury led to a temporal bone fracture, causing brain herniation into the ear canal. This case highlights the critical connection between the skull fracture and intracranial structures.

Area of Science:

Neurosurgery
Traumatology
Radiology

Background:

Severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) can result in complex cranial fractures.
Temporal bone fractures pose unique challenges due to proximity to neurovascular structures.

Observation:

A 41-year-old male patient sustained a severe TBI.
Initial imaging revealed cerebral contusion and a longitudinal temporal bone fracture.

Findings:

Subsequent imaging demonstrated brain herniation into the left external auditory canal.
A direct connection was confirmed between the identified skull fracture and intracranial contents.

Implications:

This case underscores the potential for intracranial complications following temporal bone fractures.

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Last Updated: May 14, 2026

Murine Model of Controlled Cortical Impact for the Induction of Traumatic Brain Injury

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Published on: August 16, 2019

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Published on: January 20, 2023

Accurate radiological assessment is crucial for identifying and managing brain herniation associated with TBI.